Circulating Current Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Hybrid Model Predictive Control

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has unique topological characteristics and has gained significant popularity in medium-voltage applications. However, during MMC operation, circulating currents inevitably arise, exacerbating arm current distortion, causing additional losses in the converter sy...

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Main Authors: Xin Gu, Wenxuan Zhao, Guozheng Zhang, Xuqing Yao, Xuefeng Jin, Wei Chen, Chen Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:World Electric Vehicle Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/3/134
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author Xin Gu
Wenxuan Zhao
Guozheng Zhang
Xuqing Yao
Xuefeng Jin
Wei Chen
Chen Li
author_facet Xin Gu
Wenxuan Zhao
Guozheng Zhang
Xuqing Yao
Xuefeng Jin
Wei Chen
Chen Li
author_sort Xin Gu
collection DOAJ
description The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has unique topological characteristics and has gained significant popularity in medium-voltage applications. However, during MMC operation, circulating currents inevitably arise, exacerbating arm current distortion, causing additional losses in the converter system, and thereby increasing system costs. This paper primarily addresses the circulating current issue in traditional half-bridge MMCs by introducing a control strategy combining model predictive control and proportional resonance controllers. First, a value function is established using a discrete prediction model of the output current, followed by a rolling optimization that combines a capacitor voltage sorting strategy to determine the duty cycles of each submodule in the arm. Secondly, a proportional resonance controller (PR) is designed to eliminate the second- and fourth-order harmonic components in the circulating current. Finally, the output of the resonance controller is used to correct the duty cycles, which are then compared with the PWM triangular carrier to generate more switching actions that suppress the circulating current. The effectiveness of the strategy is experimentally verified. The results show that the proposed method yields better output characteristics, smaller capacitor voltage fluctuations, and significantly suppresses harmonic components in the arm currents.
format Article
id doaj-art-163d23ecfb084e6c97881fc3dd504c97
institution Kabale University
issn 2032-6653
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series World Electric Vehicle Journal
spelling doaj-art-163d23ecfb084e6c97881fc3dd504c972025-08-20T03:43:58ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-02-0116313410.3390/wevj16030134Circulating Current Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Hybrid Model Predictive ControlXin Gu0Wenxuan Zhao1Guozheng Zhang2Xuqing Yao3Xuefeng Jin4Wei Chen5Chen Li6School of Electrical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, ChinaAdvanced Electrical Equipment Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311107, ChinaThe modular multilevel converter (MMC) has unique topological characteristics and has gained significant popularity in medium-voltage applications. However, during MMC operation, circulating currents inevitably arise, exacerbating arm current distortion, causing additional losses in the converter system, and thereby increasing system costs. This paper primarily addresses the circulating current issue in traditional half-bridge MMCs by introducing a control strategy combining model predictive control and proportional resonance controllers. First, a value function is established using a discrete prediction model of the output current, followed by a rolling optimization that combines a capacitor voltage sorting strategy to determine the duty cycles of each submodule in the arm. Secondly, a proportional resonance controller (PR) is designed to eliminate the second- and fourth-order harmonic components in the circulating current. Finally, the output of the resonance controller is used to correct the duty cycles, which are then compared with the PWM triangular carrier to generate more switching actions that suppress the circulating current. The effectiveness of the strategy is experimentally verified. The results show that the proposed method yields better output characteristics, smaller capacitor voltage fluctuations, and significantly suppresses harmonic components in the arm currents.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/3/134modular multilevel converterhybrid model predictive controlcirculating current suppressionproportional resonant controller
spellingShingle Xin Gu
Wenxuan Zhao
Guozheng Zhang
Xuqing Yao
Xuefeng Jin
Wei Chen
Chen Li
Circulating Current Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Hybrid Model Predictive Control
World Electric Vehicle Journal
modular multilevel converter
hybrid model predictive control
circulating current suppression
proportional resonant controller
title Circulating Current Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Hybrid Model Predictive Control
title_full Circulating Current Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Hybrid Model Predictive Control
title_fullStr Circulating Current Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Hybrid Model Predictive Control
title_full_unstemmed Circulating Current Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Hybrid Model Predictive Control
title_short Circulating Current Suppression in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Hybrid Model Predictive Control
title_sort circulating current suppression in modular multilevel converters based on hybrid model predictive control
topic modular multilevel converter
hybrid model predictive control
circulating current suppression
proportional resonant controller
url https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/3/134
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AT wenxuanzhao circulatingcurrentsuppressioninmodularmultilevelconvertersbasedonhybridmodelpredictivecontrol
AT guozhengzhang circulatingcurrentsuppressioninmodularmultilevelconvertersbasedonhybridmodelpredictivecontrol
AT xuqingyao circulatingcurrentsuppressioninmodularmultilevelconvertersbasedonhybridmodelpredictivecontrol
AT xuefengjin circulatingcurrentsuppressioninmodularmultilevelconvertersbasedonhybridmodelpredictivecontrol
AT weichen circulatingcurrentsuppressioninmodularmultilevelconvertersbasedonhybridmodelpredictivecontrol
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