Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control
Abstract The current lyophilization technology for biopharmaceuticals and vaccine products is capital and energy-intensive, largely due to the use of indirect, conductive heat transfer. The heat removal and input in freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying are via contact between the product a...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|