Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Marker of Physical Exercise or Activity Effectiveness in Fatigue, Pain, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances: A Scoping Review

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been investigated as a potential mechanistic marker or therapeutic target to manage symptoms such as fatigue, pain, depression, and sleep disturbances. However, the variability in BDNF response to exercise or phys...

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Main Authors: Nada Lukkahatai, Irvin L. Ong, Chitchanok Benjasirisan, Leorey N. Saligan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/332
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author Nada Lukkahatai
Irvin L. Ong
Chitchanok Benjasirisan
Leorey N. Saligan
author_facet Nada Lukkahatai
Irvin L. Ong
Chitchanok Benjasirisan
Leorey N. Saligan
author_sort Nada Lukkahatai
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been investigated as a potential mechanistic marker or therapeutic target to manage symptoms such as fatigue, pain, depression, and sleep disturbances. However, the variability in BDNF response to exercise or physical activity (exercise/PA) and its clinical relevance in symptom management remains unclear. This scoping review assesses existing studies exploring the relationships between exercise/PA, symptoms, and BDNF levels, specifically focusing on fatigue, pain, depression, and sleep disturbances in adults. <b>Methods</b>: Relevant studies indexed in PubMed and CINAHL were identified. Using systematic review software, two reviewers independently screened and evaluated full texts, based on the following criteria: human studies reporting BDNF levels in adults, using exercise/PA interventions, assessing symptoms (pain, fatigue, depression, and/or sleep disturbance) as outcomes, and published in English. <b>Results</b>: Of 950 records, 35 records met the inclusion criteria. While exercise/PA is broadly supported for managing symptoms, 74.3% (n = 26) of studies reported increased BDNF levels, and only 40% (n = 14) showed significant increases following exercise/PA. Only 14% (n = 5) of studies demonstrated a significant relationship between changes in BDNF and symptoms. No significant differences in BDNF levels and symptoms were observed between different types of exercise (e.g., aerobic vs. strength vs. flexibility/stretching) and PA. <b>Conclusions</b>: The current literature provides insufficient evidence to confirm BDNF as a marker for exercise/PA effectiveness on symptoms. Further clinical investigations are needed to validate its potential as a therapeutic target.
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spelling doaj-art-1625b6d39c024de4bc03106f3bf861902025-08-20T03:12:10ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113233210.3390/biomedicines13020332Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Marker of Physical Exercise or Activity Effectiveness in Fatigue, Pain, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances: A Scoping ReviewNada Lukkahatai0Irvin L. Ong1Chitchanok Benjasirisan2Leorey N. Saligan3School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAResearch Development and Innovation Center, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela City 1440, PhilippinesSchool of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USANational Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been investigated as a potential mechanistic marker or therapeutic target to manage symptoms such as fatigue, pain, depression, and sleep disturbances. However, the variability in BDNF response to exercise or physical activity (exercise/PA) and its clinical relevance in symptom management remains unclear. This scoping review assesses existing studies exploring the relationships between exercise/PA, symptoms, and BDNF levels, specifically focusing on fatigue, pain, depression, and sleep disturbances in adults. <b>Methods</b>: Relevant studies indexed in PubMed and CINAHL were identified. Using systematic review software, two reviewers independently screened and evaluated full texts, based on the following criteria: human studies reporting BDNF levels in adults, using exercise/PA interventions, assessing symptoms (pain, fatigue, depression, and/or sleep disturbance) as outcomes, and published in English. <b>Results</b>: Of 950 records, 35 records met the inclusion criteria. While exercise/PA is broadly supported for managing symptoms, 74.3% (n = 26) of studies reported increased BDNF levels, and only 40% (n = 14) showed significant increases following exercise/PA. Only 14% (n = 5) of studies demonstrated a significant relationship between changes in BDNF and symptoms. No significant differences in BDNF levels and symptoms were observed between different types of exercise (e.g., aerobic vs. strength vs. flexibility/stretching) and PA. <b>Conclusions</b>: The current literature provides insufficient evidence to confirm BDNF as a marker for exercise/PA effectiveness on symptoms. Further clinical investigations are needed to validate its potential as a therapeutic target.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/332brain-derived neurotrophic factorhuman BDNF proteinexercisesymptom management
spellingShingle Nada Lukkahatai
Irvin L. Ong
Chitchanok Benjasirisan
Leorey N. Saligan
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Marker of Physical Exercise or Activity Effectiveness in Fatigue, Pain, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances: A Scoping Review
Biomedicines
brain-derived neurotrophic factor
human BDNF protein
exercise
symptom management
title Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Marker of Physical Exercise or Activity Effectiveness in Fatigue, Pain, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances: A Scoping Review
title_full Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Marker of Physical Exercise or Activity Effectiveness in Fatigue, Pain, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances: A Scoping Review
title_fullStr Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Marker of Physical Exercise or Activity Effectiveness in Fatigue, Pain, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances: A Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Marker of Physical Exercise or Activity Effectiveness in Fatigue, Pain, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances: A Scoping Review
title_short Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Marker of Physical Exercise or Activity Effectiveness in Fatigue, Pain, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances: A Scoping Review
title_sort brain derived neurotrophic factor bdnf as a marker of physical exercise or activity effectiveness in fatigue pain depression and sleep disturbances a scoping review
topic brain-derived neurotrophic factor
human BDNF protein
exercise
symptom management
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/332
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