Use of herbal products for gas pain in children: a questionnaire-based study and alkaloid content analysis

Abstract Background Herbal products have been used for gas pains in children for many years. However, the quality of herbal products used in children and the presence of contamination in the products are controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of use of herbal products for...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Semih Bulut, Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş, Ayhan İbrahim Aysal, Didem Deliorman Orhan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04938-3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849688063436914688
author Semih Bulut
Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş
Ayhan İbrahim Aysal
Didem Deliorman Orhan
author_facet Semih Bulut
Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş
Ayhan İbrahim Aysal
Didem Deliorman Orhan
author_sort Semih Bulut
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Herbal products have been used for gas pains in children for many years. However, the quality of herbal products used in children and the presence of contamination in the products are controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of use of herbal products for gas pain in pediatric patients, the attitudes of parents towards the use of herbal products, and the pyrrolizidine alkaloid content of herbal products used for gas pain. Methods The survey part of the study was conducted between 15.06.2020–15.09.2020 at Gazi University Hospital Pediatrics Clinics. The surveys were conducted face to face with the parents. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 program was used in the analysis of the data. In the other part of the study, 28 herbal products frequently used in gas pain were purchased from spice shops, markets and internet sites and their pyrrolizidine alkaloid content was evaluated by LC-QTOF-MS analysis. Results 31.5% of the participants had their children use herbal products for gas pains. When the plants used for gas pains in children were examined, fennel came first with a usage rate of 51.3%. The plants used in gas pains were purchased from spice shops by most of the participants (59%). The presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids above 10 µg/kg concentration was detected in 75% of herbal products used in gas pains. Conclusion In all segments of society, children are given herbal products for gas pains. Parents mostly buy herbal products from spice shops. Products sold for gas pains may cause hepatotoxic effects in children when consumed for a long time and in high doses due to the pyrrolizidine alkaloids they contain. Herbal products to be used in gas pain should be used under the consultancy of a physician/pharmacist and should be obtained from pharmacies.
format Article
id doaj-art-161f172d3ee64e159fd7b2f53ea04993
institution DOAJ
issn 2662-7671
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
spelling doaj-art-161f172d3ee64e159fd7b2f53ea049932025-08-20T03:22:08ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712025-05-012511910.1186/s12906-025-04938-3Use of herbal products for gas pain in children: a questionnaire-based study and alkaloid content analysisSemih Bulut0Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş1Ayhan İbrahim Aysal2Didem Deliorman Orhan3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel UniversityDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi UniversityDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi UniversityAbstract Background Herbal products have been used for gas pains in children for many years. However, the quality of herbal products used in children and the presence of contamination in the products are controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of use of herbal products for gas pain in pediatric patients, the attitudes of parents towards the use of herbal products, and the pyrrolizidine alkaloid content of herbal products used for gas pain. Methods The survey part of the study was conducted between 15.06.2020–15.09.2020 at Gazi University Hospital Pediatrics Clinics. The surveys were conducted face to face with the parents. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 program was used in the analysis of the data. In the other part of the study, 28 herbal products frequently used in gas pain were purchased from spice shops, markets and internet sites and their pyrrolizidine alkaloid content was evaluated by LC-QTOF-MS analysis. Results 31.5% of the participants had their children use herbal products for gas pains. When the plants used for gas pains in children were examined, fennel came first with a usage rate of 51.3%. The plants used in gas pains were purchased from spice shops by most of the participants (59%). The presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids above 10 µg/kg concentration was detected in 75% of herbal products used in gas pains. Conclusion In all segments of society, children are given herbal products for gas pains. Parents mostly buy herbal products from spice shops. Products sold for gas pains may cause hepatotoxic effects in children when consumed for a long time and in high doses due to the pyrrolizidine alkaloids they contain. Herbal products to be used in gas pain should be used under the consultancy of a physician/pharmacist and should be obtained from pharmacies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04938-3Gas painPediatricsChildHerbal productsPyrrolizidine alkaloids
spellingShingle Semih Bulut
Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş
Ayhan İbrahim Aysal
Didem Deliorman Orhan
Use of herbal products for gas pain in children: a questionnaire-based study and alkaloid content analysis
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Gas pain
Pediatrics
Child
Herbal products
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
title Use of herbal products for gas pain in children: a questionnaire-based study and alkaloid content analysis
title_full Use of herbal products for gas pain in children: a questionnaire-based study and alkaloid content analysis
title_fullStr Use of herbal products for gas pain in children: a questionnaire-based study and alkaloid content analysis
title_full_unstemmed Use of herbal products for gas pain in children: a questionnaire-based study and alkaloid content analysis
title_short Use of herbal products for gas pain in children: a questionnaire-based study and alkaloid content analysis
title_sort use of herbal products for gas pain in children a questionnaire based study and alkaloid content analysis
topic Gas pain
Pediatrics
Child
Herbal products
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04938-3
work_keys_str_mv AT semihbulut useofherbalproductsforgaspaininchildrenaquestionnairebasedstudyandalkaloidcontentanalysis
AT nazmimutlukarakas useofherbalproductsforgaspaininchildrenaquestionnairebasedstudyandalkaloidcontentanalysis
AT ayhanibrahimaysal useofherbalproductsforgaspaininchildrenaquestionnairebasedstudyandalkaloidcontentanalysis
AT didemdeliormanorhan useofherbalproductsforgaspaininchildrenaquestionnairebasedstudyandalkaloidcontentanalysis