Direct Redox Sensing of Caffeine Utilizing Zinc-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles as an Electrocatalyst

Objective: In addition to its positive benefits, caffeine also has harmful consequences. Therefore, it is essential to ascertain its content in various substances. Impact Statement: The present study emphasizes a novel way of quantification of caffeine in real as well as laboratory samples based on...

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Main Authors: Gaurav Bhanjana, Ravinder Lamba, Manjit Singh Jadon, Neeraj Dilbaghi, Sandeep Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2025-01-01
Series:BME Frontiers
Online Access:https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/bmef.0099
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author Gaurav Bhanjana
Ravinder Lamba
Manjit Singh Jadon
Neeraj Dilbaghi
Sandeep Kumar
author_facet Gaurav Bhanjana
Ravinder Lamba
Manjit Singh Jadon
Neeraj Dilbaghi
Sandeep Kumar
author_sort Gaurav Bhanjana
collection DOAJ
description Objective: In addition to its positive benefits, caffeine also has harmful consequences. Therefore, it is essential to ascertain its content in various substances. Impact Statement: The present study emphasizes a novel way of quantification of caffeine in real as well as laboratory samples based on a nanomaterial-assisted electrochemical technique. Introduction: Electrochemical sensing is a prominent analytical technique because of its efficiency, speed, and simple preparation and observations. Due to its low chemical potential, SnO2 (tin oxide) demonstrates rapid redox reactions when used as an electrode. The presence of shielded 4f levels contributes to its distinctive optical, catalytic, and electrochemical capabilities. Methods: An efficient coprecipitation approach, which is simple and rapid and operates at low temperatures, is utilized to produce zinc-doped tin oxide nanoparticles (Zn–SnO2 nanoparticles). Zinc doping is used to modify the optoelectronic characteristics of tin oxide nanoparticles, rendering them very efficient as electrochemical sensors. Results: The crystal structure of samples was analyzed using x-ray diffraction, electronic transitions were calculated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and surface morphology was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The x-ray diffraction investigation revealed that the produced Zn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit tetragonal phases, and the average size of their crystallites reduces upon doping Zn with SnO2. The bandgap energy calculated using the Tauc plot was found to be 3.77 eV. Conclusion: The fabricated caffeine sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.605 μA μM −1 cm−2, and its limit of detection was found to be 3 μM.
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spelling doaj-art-15f88ff3dadf4eee8d14bd3139ca651c2025-08-20T03:12:20ZengAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)BME Frontiers2765-80312025-01-01610.34133/bmef.0099Direct Redox Sensing of Caffeine Utilizing Zinc-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles as an ElectrocatalystGaurav Bhanjana0Ravinder Lamba1Manjit Singh Jadon2Neeraj Dilbaghi3Sandeep Kumar4Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.Department of Physics, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh 160012, India.Objective: In addition to its positive benefits, caffeine also has harmful consequences. Therefore, it is essential to ascertain its content in various substances. Impact Statement: The present study emphasizes a novel way of quantification of caffeine in real as well as laboratory samples based on a nanomaterial-assisted electrochemical technique. Introduction: Electrochemical sensing is a prominent analytical technique because of its efficiency, speed, and simple preparation and observations. Due to its low chemical potential, SnO2 (tin oxide) demonstrates rapid redox reactions when used as an electrode. The presence of shielded 4f levels contributes to its distinctive optical, catalytic, and electrochemical capabilities. Methods: An efficient coprecipitation approach, which is simple and rapid and operates at low temperatures, is utilized to produce zinc-doped tin oxide nanoparticles (Zn–SnO2 nanoparticles). Zinc doping is used to modify the optoelectronic characteristics of tin oxide nanoparticles, rendering them very efficient as electrochemical sensors. Results: The crystal structure of samples was analyzed using x-ray diffraction, electronic transitions were calculated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and surface morphology was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The x-ray diffraction investigation revealed that the produced Zn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit tetragonal phases, and the average size of their crystallites reduces upon doping Zn with SnO2. The bandgap energy calculated using the Tauc plot was found to be 3.77 eV. Conclusion: The fabricated caffeine sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.605 μA μM −1 cm−2, and its limit of detection was found to be 3 μM.https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/bmef.0099
spellingShingle Gaurav Bhanjana
Ravinder Lamba
Manjit Singh Jadon
Neeraj Dilbaghi
Sandeep Kumar
Direct Redox Sensing of Caffeine Utilizing Zinc-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles as an Electrocatalyst
BME Frontiers
title Direct Redox Sensing of Caffeine Utilizing Zinc-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles as an Electrocatalyst
title_full Direct Redox Sensing of Caffeine Utilizing Zinc-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles as an Electrocatalyst
title_fullStr Direct Redox Sensing of Caffeine Utilizing Zinc-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles as an Electrocatalyst
title_full_unstemmed Direct Redox Sensing of Caffeine Utilizing Zinc-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles as an Electrocatalyst
title_short Direct Redox Sensing of Caffeine Utilizing Zinc-Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles as an Electrocatalyst
title_sort direct redox sensing of caffeine utilizing zinc doped tin oxide nanoparticles as an electrocatalyst
url https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/bmef.0099
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