Morphology in children’s books, and what it means for learning

Abstract Breaking down complex words into smaller meaningful units (e.g., unhappy = un- + happy), known as morphemes, is vital for skilled reading as it allows readers to rapidly compute word meanings. There is agreement that children rely on reading experience to acquire morphological knowledge in...

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Main Authors: Maria Korochkina, Kathleen Rastle
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Science of Learning
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00313-6
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author Maria Korochkina
Kathleen Rastle
author_facet Maria Korochkina
Kathleen Rastle
author_sort Maria Korochkina
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Breaking down complex words into smaller meaningful units (e.g., unhappy = un- + happy), known as morphemes, is vital for skilled reading as it allows readers to rapidly compute word meanings. There is agreement that children rely on reading experience to acquire morphological knowledge in English; however, the nature of this experience has remained unclear. We quantify the morphological information in 1200 popular children’s books and offer the first concrete description of how readers may learn affix morphemes through real-life text input. Our account considers the realities of morpheme presentation in natural language, such as the low number of distinct words in which affixes appear and the fact that their identification often requires specialised linguistic knowledge. This theory further accounts for the challenge posed by spelling patterns that may lead to incorrect morphological parsing. We conclude by exploring the implications of our findings for instructional programmes in morphology.
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spelling doaj-art-15eae730b502451f918fab78df63ebbf2025-08-20T02:15:11ZengNature Portfolionpj Science of Learning2056-79362025-05-0110111610.1038/s41539-025-00313-6Morphology in children’s books, and what it means for learningMaria Korochkina0Kathleen Rastle1Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of LondonDepartment of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of LondonAbstract Breaking down complex words into smaller meaningful units (e.g., unhappy = un- + happy), known as morphemes, is vital for skilled reading as it allows readers to rapidly compute word meanings. There is agreement that children rely on reading experience to acquire morphological knowledge in English; however, the nature of this experience has remained unclear. We quantify the morphological information in 1200 popular children’s books and offer the first concrete description of how readers may learn affix morphemes through real-life text input. Our account considers the realities of morpheme presentation in natural language, such as the low number of distinct words in which affixes appear and the fact that their identification often requires specialised linguistic knowledge. This theory further accounts for the challenge posed by spelling patterns that may lead to incorrect morphological parsing. We conclude by exploring the implications of our findings for instructional programmes in morphology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00313-6
spellingShingle Maria Korochkina
Kathleen Rastle
Morphology in children’s books, and what it means for learning
npj Science of Learning
title Morphology in children’s books, and what it means for learning
title_full Morphology in children’s books, and what it means for learning
title_fullStr Morphology in children’s books, and what it means for learning
title_full_unstemmed Morphology in children’s books, and what it means for learning
title_short Morphology in children’s books, and what it means for learning
title_sort morphology in children s books and what it means for learning
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00313-6
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