Multiple sclerosis and self-alienation: a study based on self and others representations

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. MS causes many changes in the lives of its patients, forcing them to renegotiate their lives. Part of these changes are related to patients’ self- and others- mental representations. Despite the impor...

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Main Authors: Leila Ziaie, Mohammad Ali Mazaheri, Abbas Zabihzadeh, Masoud Etemadifar, Omid Shokri, Richard J. Contrada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02264-w
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author Leila Ziaie
Mohammad Ali Mazaheri
Abbas Zabihzadeh
Masoud Etemadifar
Omid Shokri
Richard J. Contrada
author_facet Leila Ziaie
Mohammad Ali Mazaheri
Abbas Zabihzadeh
Masoud Etemadifar
Omid Shokri
Richard J. Contrada
author_sort Leila Ziaie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. MS causes many changes in the lives of its patients, forcing them to renegotiate their lives. Part of these changes are related to patients’ self- and others- mental representations. Despite the importance of mental representations in changes caused by or adaptation to MS, limited research has been conducted to examine the mental representations of people with MS. Methods This study examines the mental representations that Healthy Controls (HC) and people with MS (PWMS) have of themselves and others, including childhood and current self-images, as well as those of their mothers, love partners, and close friends. In both groups (HC (n = 82) and PWMS (n = 82)), participants completed demographic variables as well as a modified version of the comfortable interpersonal distance (CID) task in both passive (when protagonists approached them) and active modes (when participants approach protagonists). Participants estimated the point at which they felt discomforted. Results The PWMS group preferred a significantly larger interpersonal distance than the HC group for both current self-image and love partner. There is no difference between the two groups in preferring interpersonal distance from their childhood self-image, mother, and friends. Conclusions Based on the research results, it seems that PWMS experience a kind of alienation at the level of self-mental representations. This research can be helpful in modifying MS interventions and increasing the engagement of support systems.
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spelling doaj-art-15e470e481ef4328ad648aa2d4d3bc9f2025-08-20T01:57:15ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832024-12-0112111110.1186/s40359-024-02264-wMultiple sclerosis and self-alienation: a study based on self and others representationsLeila Ziaie0Mohammad Ali Mazaheri1Abbas Zabihzadeh2Masoud Etemadifar3Omid Shokri4Richard J. Contrada5Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical ScienceDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Shahid Beheshti UniversityRutgers, The State University of NJAbstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. MS causes many changes in the lives of its patients, forcing them to renegotiate their lives. Part of these changes are related to patients’ self- and others- mental representations. Despite the importance of mental representations in changes caused by or adaptation to MS, limited research has been conducted to examine the mental representations of people with MS. Methods This study examines the mental representations that Healthy Controls (HC) and people with MS (PWMS) have of themselves and others, including childhood and current self-images, as well as those of their mothers, love partners, and close friends. In both groups (HC (n = 82) and PWMS (n = 82)), participants completed demographic variables as well as a modified version of the comfortable interpersonal distance (CID) task in both passive (when protagonists approached them) and active modes (when participants approach protagonists). Participants estimated the point at which they felt discomforted. Results The PWMS group preferred a significantly larger interpersonal distance than the HC group for both current self-image and love partner. There is no difference between the two groups in preferring interpersonal distance from their childhood self-image, mother, and friends. Conclusions Based on the research results, it seems that PWMS experience a kind of alienation at the level of self-mental representations. This research can be helpful in modifying MS interventions and increasing the engagement of support systems.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02264-wComfortable Interpersonal Distance (CID)Mental representationsMultiple sclerosis (MS)OthersSelf
spellingShingle Leila Ziaie
Mohammad Ali Mazaheri
Abbas Zabihzadeh
Masoud Etemadifar
Omid Shokri
Richard J. Contrada
Multiple sclerosis and self-alienation: a study based on self and others representations
BMC Psychology
Comfortable Interpersonal Distance (CID)
Mental representations
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Others
Self
title Multiple sclerosis and self-alienation: a study based on self and others representations
title_full Multiple sclerosis and self-alienation: a study based on self and others representations
title_fullStr Multiple sclerosis and self-alienation: a study based on self and others representations
title_full_unstemmed Multiple sclerosis and self-alienation: a study based on self and others representations
title_short Multiple sclerosis and self-alienation: a study based on self and others representations
title_sort multiple sclerosis and self alienation a study based on self and others representations
topic Comfortable Interpersonal Distance (CID)
Mental representations
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Others
Self
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02264-w
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