Organophosphonic acid intercalation and surface-functionalized hydrotalcite-based flame retardant materials for epoxy resins with highly effective smoke suppression and fire safety

In this work, the green and efficient organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant materials (PA-Si-PPO-LDHs) were prepared by introducing phenyl phosphoric acid (PPO) and phytic acid (PA) between layers and surface of hydrotalcites, and characterized. With the addition of 10 wt% PA-Si-PPO-LDHs, the EP...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuting Ao, Lulu Xu, Hanjun Wu, Qingrong Cheng, Hong Zhou, Zhiquan Pan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25006215
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849716183634280448
author Yuting Ao
Lulu Xu
Hanjun Wu
Qingrong Cheng
Hong Zhou
Zhiquan Pan
author_facet Yuting Ao
Lulu Xu
Hanjun Wu
Qingrong Cheng
Hong Zhou
Zhiquan Pan
author_sort Yuting Ao
collection DOAJ
description In this work, the green and efficient organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant materials (PA-Si-PPO-LDHs) were prepared by introducing phenyl phosphoric acid (PPO) and phytic acid (PA) between layers and surface of hydrotalcites, and characterized. With the addition of 10 wt% PA-Si-PPO-LDHs, the EP composites achieved UL-94 V-1 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 30.0 %, and obtained 46.4 %, 37.0 % and 20.1 % reduction in heat release rate, CO production and total smoke production, respectively. In addition, the PA-Si-PPO-LDHs were better dispersed in EP, and the tensile, three-point bending and simple beam impact strengths of EP composites were improved in comparison with the pure EP. The prepared PA-Si-PPO-LDHs contributed to improve the flame retardant of EP composites by the formation of the dense char layer in the condensed phase, dilution of flammable gases and the released phosphorus-containing free radicals for capture of the H• and HO• free radicals in the gas phase. Co and Ni metal-catalyzed CO conversion of CO2 reduced the release of heat and hazardous gases, and improve the fire safety of EP composites. The present work provided a simple method for the preparation of green and efficient LDHs-based organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardants for improving the fire safety of epoxy composites.
format Article
id doaj-art-15cf21a09a6f4b6faee451fa97b3ed27
institution DOAJ
issn 2214-157X
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
spelling doaj-art-15cf21a09a6f4b6faee451fa97b3ed272025-08-20T03:13:07ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-08-017210636110.1016/j.csite.2025.106361Organophosphonic acid intercalation and surface-functionalized hydrotalcite-based flame retardant materials for epoxy resins with highly effective smoke suppression and fire safetyYuting Ao0Lulu Xu1Hanjun Wu2Qingrong Cheng3Hong Zhou4Zhiquan Pan5School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; Corresponding author. School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, ChinaIn this work, the green and efficient organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant materials (PA-Si-PPO-LDHs) were prepared by introducing phenyl phosphoric acid (PPO) and phytic acid (PA) between layers and surface of hydrotalcites, and characterized. With the addition of 10 wt% PA-Si-PPO-LDHs, the EP composites achieved UL-94 V-1 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 30.0 %, and obtained 46.4 %, 37.0 % and 20.1 % reduction in heat release rate, CO production and total smoke production, respectively. In addition, the PA-Si-PPO-LDHs were better dispersed in EP, and the tensile, three-point bending and simple beam impact strengths of EP composites were improved in comparison with the pure EP. The prepared PA-Si-PPO-LDHs contributed to improve the flame retardant of EP composites by the formation of the dense char layer in the condensed phase, dilution of flammable gases and the released phosphorus-containing free radicals for capture of the H• and HO• free radicals in the gas phase. Co and Ni metal-catalyzed CO conversion of CO2 reduced the release of heat and hazardous gases, and improve the fire safety of EP composites. The present work provided a simple method for the preparation of green and efficient LDHs-based organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardants for improving the fire safety of epoxy composites.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25006215HydrotalcitesFlame retardantphytic acidEpoxy resinFire safety
spellingShingle Yuting Ao
Lulu Xu
Hanjun Wu
Qingrong Cheng
Hong Zhou
Zhiquan Pan
Organophosphonic acid intercalation and surface-functionalized hydrotalcite-based flame retardant materials for epoxy resins with highly effective smoke suppression and fire safety
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Hydrotalcites
Flame retardant
phytic acid
Epoxy resin
Fire safety
title Organophosphonic acid intercalation and surface-functionalized hydrotalcite-based flame retardant materials for epoxy resins with highly effective smoke suppression and fire safety
title_full Organophosphonic acid intercalation and surface-functionalized hydrotalcite-based flame retardant materials for epoxy resins with highly effective smoke suppression and fire safety
title_fullStr Organophosphonic acid intercalation and surface-functionalized hydrotalcite-based flame retardant materials for epoxy resins with highly effective smoke suppression and fire safety
title_full_unstemmed Organophosphonic acid intercalation and surface-functionalized hydrotalcite-based flame retardant materials for epoxy resins with highly effective smoke suppression and fire safety
title_short Organophosphonic acid intercalation and surface-functionalized hydrotalcite-based flame retardant materials for epoxy resins with highly effective smoke suppression and fire safety
title_sort organophosphonic acid intercalation and surface functionalized hydrotalcite based flame retardant materials for epoxy resins with highly effective smoke suppression and fire safety
topic Hydrotalcites
Flame retardant
phytic acid
Epoxy resin
Fire safety
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25006215
work_keys_str_mv AT yutingao organophosphonicacidintercalationandsurfacefunctionalizedhydrotalcitebasedflameretardantmaterialsforepoxyresinswithhighlyeffectivesmokesuppressionandfiresafety
AT luluxu organophosphonicacidintercalationandsurfacefunctionalizedhydrotalcitebasedflameretardantmaterialsforepoxyresinswithhighlyeffectivesmokesuppressionandfiresafety
AT hanjunwu organophosphonicacidintercalationandsurfacefunctionalizedhydrotalcitebasedflameretardantmaterialsforepoxyresinswithhighlyeffectivesmokesuppressionandfiresafety
AT qingrongcheng organophosphonicacidintercalationandsurfacefunctionalizedhydrotalcitebasedflameretardantmaterialsforepoxyresinswithhighlyeffectivesmokesuppressionandfiresafety
AT hongzhou organophosphonicacidintercalationandsurfacefunctionalizedhydrotalcitebasedflameretardantmaterialsforepoxyresinswithhighlyeffectivesmokesuppressionandfiresafety
AT zhiquanpan organophosphonicacidintercalationandsurfacefunctionalizedhydrotalcitebasedflameretardantmaterialsforepoxyresinswithhighlyeffectivesmokesuppressionandfiresafety