Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random Vibration

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, offering high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions, low noise, and rapid response, making them highly promising for vehicular applications. However, during vehicle operation, PEMFC stacks ar...

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Main Authors: Yao Junqi, Yin Yan, Wang Bowen, Zhang Fan, Qin Zhikun, Wang Zixuan, Guo Ting
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: EDP Sciences 2025-01-01
Series:E3S Web of Conferences
Online Access:https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/25/e3sconf_iceree2025_01019.pdf
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author Yao Junqi
Yin Yan
Wang Bowen
Zhang Fan
Qin Zhikun
Wang Zixuan
Guo Ting
author_facet Yao Junqi
Yin Yan
Wang Bowen
Zhang Fan
Qin Zhikun
Wang Zixuan
Guo Ting
author_sort Yao Junqi
collection DOAJ
description Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, offering high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions, low noise, and rapid response, making them highly promising for vehicular applications. However, during vehicle operation, PEMFC stacks are inevitably subjected to random vibration loads due to road unevenness and internal system vibrations. These mechanical disturbances can induce structural displacement and deformation within the fuel cell stack, significantly affecting its durability and operational safety. Thus, this study conducts a random vibration analysis of fuel cell stacks under varying fastening bolt parameters. A dataset is constructed, comprising bolt parameters and the corresponding stress responses, which is then used to train an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) surrogate model. By integrating XGBoost with a genetic algorithm (GA), a GA-XGBoost predictive model is developed to optimize the structural parameters of the fastening bolts. The optimization results indicate that the optimal bolt diameter is 5.5 mm, the optimal nut thickness is 6.5 mm, and the optimal bolt-to-stack side distance is 10 mm. The predicted minimum stress is 52.351 Pa, representing a reduction of 2.849 Pa compared to the lowest stress observed in the dataset, thereby enhancing the structural durability of the fuel cell stack.
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id doaj-art-15cbd5b6b67f4ead9c04f0d3fbd0ac25
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issn 2267-1242
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher EDP Sciences
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series E3S Web of Conferences
spelling doaj-art-15cbd5b6b67f4ead9c04f0d3fbd0ac252025-08-20T03:08:52ZengEDP SciencesE3S Web of Conferences2267-12422025-01-016250101910.1051/e3sconf/202562501019e3sconf_iceree2025_01019Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random VibrationYao Junqi0Yin Yan1Wang Bowen2Zhang Fan3Qin Zhikun4Wang Zixuan5Guo Ting6State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin UniversityState Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin UniversityState Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin UniversityState Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin UniversityState Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin UniversityState Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin UniversityChina Automotive Technology & Research Center Co LtdProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, offering high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions, low noise, and rapid response, making them highly promising for vehicular applications. However, during vehicle operation, PEMFC stacks are inevitably subjected to random vibration loads due to road unevenness and internal system vibrations. These mechanical disturbances can induce structural displacement and deformation within the fuel cell stack, significantly affecting its durability and operational safety. Thus, this study conducts a random vibration analysis of fuel cell stacks under varying fastening bolt parameters. A dataset is constructed, comprising bolt parameters and the corresponding stress responses, which is then used to train an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) surrogate model. By integrating XGBoost with a genetic algorithm (GA), a GA-XGBoost predictive model is developed to optimize the structural parameters of the fastening bolts. The optimization results indicate that the optimal bolt diameter is 5.5 mm, the optimal nut thickness is 6.5 mm, and the optimal bolt-to-stack side distance is 10 mm. The predicted minimum stress is 52.351 Pa, representing a reduction of 2.849 Pa compared to the lowest stress observed in the dataset, thereby enhancing the structural durability of the fuel cell stack.https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/25/e3sconf_iceree2025_01019.pdf
spellingShingle Yao Junqi
Yin Yan
Wang Bowen
Zhang Fan
Qin Zhikun
Wang Zixuan
Guo Ting
Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random Vibration
E3S Web of Conferences
title Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random Vibration
title_full Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random Vibration
title_fullStr Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random Vibration
title_full_unstemmed Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random Vibration
title_short Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random Vibration
title_sort prediction and optimization of bolt parameters for automotive fuel cell stack under random vibration
url https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/25/e3sconf_iceree2025_01019.pdf
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AT wangbowen predictionandoptimizationofboltparametersforautomotivefuelcellstackunderrandomvibration
AT zhangfan predictionandoptimizationofboltparametersforautomotivefuelcellstackunderrandomvibration
AT qinzhikun predictionandoptimizationofboltparametersforautomotivefuelcellstackunderrandomvibration
AT wangzixuan predictionandoptimizationofboltparametersforautomotivefuelcellstackunderrandomvibration
AT guoting predictionandoptimizationofboltparametersforautomotivefuelcellstackunderrandomvibration