The Potential for Ketogenic Diets to Control Glucotoxicity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Insulin Resistance to Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective: This review aims to summarize the association between insulin resistance (IR) and symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) while explaining how nutritional interventions, specifically ketogenic diets, help manage PCOS. Mechanism: The effect of IR on diagnostic criteria for PCOS is fir...

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Main Authors: Leticia Ramírez-Martínez, Cecilia Palafox-Gómez, Leonardo M. Porchia, Esther López-Bayghen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2024-03-01
Series:Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
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Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/51/3/10.31083/j.ceog5103057
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author Leticia Ramírez-Martínez
Cecilia Palafox-Gómez
Leonardo M. Porchia
Esther López-Bayghen
author_facet Leticia Ramírez-Martínez
Cecilia Palafox-Gómez
Leonardo M. Porchia
Esther López-Bayghen
author_sort Leticia Ramírez-Martínez
collection DOAJ
description Objective: This review aims to summarize the association between insulin resistance (IR) and symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) while explaining how nutritional interventions, specifically ketogenic diets, help manage PCOS. Mechanism: The effect of IR on diagnostic criteria for PCOS is first described, followed by how a standard diet exacerbates IR. Afterward, nutritional interventions, specifically for women with PCOS, are described. Findings in Brief: IR is associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology, which leads to metabolic abnormalities and loss of fertility. Activation of the polyol pathway, advanced glycation end-product accumulation, and hexosamine flux by hyperglycemia and IR are involved in the PCOS phenotypes and reproduction alterations. IR affects oocytes, ovaries, and the endometrium among women with PCOS, leading to infertility. However, nutritional interventions, specifically ketogenic diets, were shown to lower serum cholesterol, triglycerides, androstenedione, testosterone and attenuate IR. At the same time, high-density lipoprotein increased, promoting menstrual regularity and, eventually, providing a better environment for in vitro fertilization. Conclusion: For women with PCOS, managing IR is essential for managing their symptoms and improving fertility. Resolving glucotoxicity caused by excessive dietary glucose with a ketogenic diet is crucial for the prevention and correction of the damage associated with hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, contributing to fertility.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0390-6663
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series Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
spelling doaj-art-15be81711eb14ed3b65da0ea73d529d92025-08-20T03:54:24ZengIMR PressClinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology0390-66632024-03-015135710.31083/j.ceog5103057S0390-6663(24)02301-7The Potential for Ketogenic Diets to Control Glucotoxicity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Insulin Resistance to Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary SyndromeLeticia Ramírez-Martínez0Cecilia Palafox-Gómez1Leonardo M. Porchia2Esther López-Bayghen3Departament of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 México City, MexicoDepartament of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 México City, MexicoIngenes, Infertility and Genetics, SC México, 05320 México City, MexicoDepartament of Toxicology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 México City, MexicoObjective: This review aims to summarize the association between insulin resistance (IR) and symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) while explaining how nutritional interventions, specifically ketogenic diets, help manage PCOS. Mechanism: The effect of IR on diagnostic criteria for PCOS is first described, followed by how a standard diet exacerbates IR. Afterward, nutritional interventions, specifically for women with PCOS, are described. Findings in Brief: IR is associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology, which leads to metabolic abnormalities and loss of fertility. Activation of the polyol pathway, advanced glycation end-product accumulation, and hexosamine flux by hyperglycemia and IR are involved in the PCOS phenotypes and reproduction alterations. IR affects oocytes, ovaries, and the endometrium among women with PCOS, leading to infertility. However, nutritional interventions, specifically ketogenic diets, were shown to lower serum cholesterol, triglycerides, androstenedione, testosterone and attenuate IR. At the same time, high-density lipoprotein increased, promoting menstrual regularity and, eventually, providing a better environment for in vitro fertilization. Conclusion: For women with PCOS, managing IR is essential for managing their symptoms and improving fertility. Resolving glucotoxicity caused by excessive dietary glucose with a ketogenic diet is crucial for the prevention and correction of the damage associated with hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, contributing to fertility.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/51/3/10.31083/j.ceog5103057diet interventionfertilityinsulin resistancehyperinsulinemiapcos
spellingShingle Leticia Ramírez-Martínez
Cecilia Palafox-Gómez
Leonardo M. Porchia
Esther López-Bayghen
The Potential for Ketogenic Diets to Control Glucotoxicity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Insulin Resistance to Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
diet intervention
fertility
insulin resistance
hyperinsulinemia
pcos
title The Potential for Ketogenic Diets to Control Glucotoxicity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Insulin Resistance to Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
title_full The Potential for Ketogenic Diets to Control Glucotoxicity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Insulin Resistance to Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
title_fullStr The Potential for Ketogenic Diets to Control Glucotoxicity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Insulin Resistance to Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed The Potential for Ketogenic Diets to Control Glucotoxicity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Insulin Resistance to Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
title_short The Potential for Ketogenic Diets to Control Glucotoxicity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Insulin Resistance to Improve Fertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
title_sort potential for ketogenic diets to control glucotoxicity hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance to improve fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
topic diet intervention
fertility
insulin resistance
hyperinsulinemia
pcos
url https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/51/3/10.31083/j.ceog5103057
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