The effect of immobilisation of electroactive bacteria as 3D-printed bioelectrodes on water desalination in microbial desalination cells

Water scarcity affects approximately 2.8 billion people globally. Conventional desalination methods like reverse osmosis are energy-intensive and produce concentrated brine, necessitating sustainable alternatives. Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs) are a promising technology integrating desalinatio...

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Main Authors: Clement Nyadroh, Tajalli Keshavarz, Godfrey Kyazze
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Desalination and Water Treatment
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002516
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author Clement Nyadroh
Tajalli Keshavarz
Godfrey Kyazze
author_facet Clement Nyadroh
Tajalli Keshavarz
Godfrey Kyazze
author_sort Clement Nyadroh
collection DOAJ
description Water scarcity affects approximately 2.8 billion people globally. Conventional desalination methods like reverse osmosis are energy-intensive and produce concentrated brine, necessitating sustainable alternatives. Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs) are a promising technology integrating desalination with wastewater treatment and bioenergy generation, but their efficiency is limited by poor anode performance and membrane biofouling. This study investigated the effect of novel 3D-printed bioelectrodes with immobilised Shewanella oneidensis in sodium alginate-graphene nanoplatelets (SAGNP), sodium alginate (SA), and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) bio-inks. The 3D-printed bioelectrodes were tested in MDCs operated in fed-batch mode for 33 days. Results showed that MDCs with the 3D-printed bioelectrodes outperformed conventional MDCs (p < 0.05). SAGNP MDC achieved the highest desalination rate of 0.84 mS/h for brackish water (10 g/L, EC 37.5 mS/cm), compared to the SA MDC (0.74 mS/h) and the GelMA MDC (0.56 mS/h). For artificial seawater (38.2 g/L, EC 53.4 mS/cm), SAGNP exhibited 0.63 mS/h. SAGNP MDC recorded a maximum power density of 22 mW/m2, a 1.1- and 1.85- fold increase over the SA and GelMA MDCs, respectively, alongside 84.4 % COD removal (0.34 g/m3/day). This work demonstrates the potential of 3D-printed bioelectrodes to optimise MDC efficiency, advancing their technical feasibility as a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for water desalination.
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spelling doaj-art-15bd3b42e0ce4303ac9324f2e6b2daf72025-08-20T03:07:51ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862025-04-0132210123510.1016/j.dwt.2025.101235The effect of immobilisation of electroactive bacteria as 3D-printed bioelectrodes on water desalination in microbial desalination cellsClement Nyadroh0Tajalli Keshavarz1Godfrey Kyazze2Corresponding author.; Sustainable Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, United KingdomSustainable Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, United KingdomSustainable Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, United KingdomWater scarcity affects approximately 2.8 billion people globally. Conventional desalination methods like reverse osmosis are energy-intensive and produce concentrated brine, necessitating sustainable alternatives. Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs) are a promising technology integrating desalination with wastewater treatment and bioenergy generation, but their efficiency is limited by poor anode performance and membrane biofouling. This study investigated the effect of novel 3D-printed bioelectrodes with immobilised Shewanella oneidensis in sodium alginate-graphene nanoplatelets (SAGNP), sodium alginate (SA), and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) bio-inks. The 3D-printed bioelectrodes were tested in MDCs operated in fed-batch mode for 33 days. Results showed that MDCs with the 3D-printed bioelectrodes outperformed conventional MDCs (p < 0.05). SAGNP MDC achieved the highest desalination rate of 0.84 mS/h for brackish water (10 g/L, EC 37.5 mS/cm), compared to the SA MDC (0.74 mS/h) and the GelMA MDC (0.56 mS/h). For artificial seawater (38.2 g/L, EC 53.4 mS/cm), SAGNP exhibited 0.63 mS/h. SAGNP MDC recorded a maximum power density of 22 mW/m2, a 1.1- and 1.85- fold increase over the SA and GelMA MDCs, respectively, alongside 84.4 % COD removal (0.34 g/m3/day). This work demonstrates the potential of 3D-printed bioelectrodes to optimise MDC efficiency, advancing their technical feasibility as a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for water desalination.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002516Bioelectrochemical systemElectroactive bacteriaImmobilisationMembrane biofoulingMicrobial desalination cellMicrobial fuel cell
spellingShingle Clement Nyadroh
Tajalli Keshavarz
Godfrey Kyazze
The effect of immobilisation of electroactive bacteria as 3D-printed bioelectrodes on water desalination in microbial desalination cells
Desalination and Water Treatment
Bioelectrochemical system
Electroactive bacteria
Immobilisation
Membrane biofouling
Microbial desalination cell
Microbial fuel cell
title The effect of immobilisation of electroactive bacteria as 3D-printed bioelectrodes on water desalination in microbial desalination cells
title_full The effect of immobilisation of electroactive bacteria as 3D-printed bioelectrodes on water desalination in microbial desalination cells
title_fullStr The effect of immobilisation of electroactive bacteria as 3D-printed bioelectrodes on water desalination in microbial desalination cells
title_full_unstemmed The effect of immobilisation of electroactive bacteria as 3D-printed bioelectrodes on water desalination in microbial desalination cells
title_short The effect of immobilisation of electroactive bacteria as 3D-printed bioelectrodes on water desalination in microbial desalination cells
title_sort effect of immobilisation of electroactive bacteria as 3d printed bioelectrodes on water desalination in microbial desalination cells
topic Bioelectrochemical system
Electroactive bacteria
Immobilisation
Membrane biofouling
Microbial desalination cell
Microbial fuel cell
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002516
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