Allelopathic and auto-toxic effects of aqueous extracts of Codonopsis pilosula root secretions.

Water-soluble constituents in the root exudates of C. pilosula exhibit both allelopathic and auto-toxic properties, which substantially impede its growth. To mitigate the constraints associated with the continuous cropping of C. pilosula, this study examined the impact of aqueous extracts from the r...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Daiyu Qiu, Xue Wang, Fengbin Xu, Qian Li, Fengying Ren, Kan Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315657
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1825206769830330368
author Daiyu Qiu
Xue Wang
Fengbin Xu
Qian Li
Fengying Ren
Kan Jiang
author_facet Daiyu Qiu
Xue Wang
Fengbin Xu
Qian Li
Fengying Ren
Kan Jiang
author_sort Daiyu Qiu
collection DOAJ
description Water-soluble constituents in the root exudates of C. pilosula exhibit both allelopathic and auto-toxic properties, which substantially impede its growth. To mitigate the constraints associated with the continuous cropping of C. pilosula, this study examined the impact of aqueous extracts from the root exudates at various developmental stages on seed germination and seedling growth. Additionally, we isolated and characterized significant auto-toxic allelochemicals. Our findings revealed that the inhibitory effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes-collectively referred to as a comprehensive effect-intensified progressively with increasing concentrations of the aqueous extracts from C. pilosula root exudates. The most pronounced auto-toxic comprehensive effect was observed with extracts at a concentration of 50 mL during the reproductive phase, diminishing SOD and POD activities, and MDA levels in C. pilosula seedlings by 72.3%, 71.7%, and 83.3% respectively, compared to the control (P<0.05). Three primary allelopathic compounds-acetic acid, hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane, and methoxybenzene oxime were isolated and identified in the aqueous extracts. Acetic acid, constituting 44.1% of the total chemical profile, exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth (P<0.05). In conclusion, the aqueous extracts of C. pilosula root exudates significantly inhibit seed germination and seedling growth, especially during the plant's reproductive stage, with low molecular weight organic acids being the predominant allelopathic components.
format Article
id doaj-art-15b50c8cea0840819ad418a320593c2e
institution Kabale University
issn 1932-6203
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
series PLoS ONE
spelling doaj-art-15b50c8cea0840819ad418a320593c2e2025-02-07T05:30:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01201e031565710.1371/journal.pone.0315657Allelopathic and auto-toxic effects of aqueous extracts of Codonopsis pilosula root secretions.Daiyu QiuXue WangFengbin XuQian LiFengying RenKan JiangWater-soluble constituents in the root exudates of C. pilosula exhibit both allelopathic and auto-toxic properties, which substantially impede its growth. To mitigate the constraints associated with the continuous cropping of C. pilosula, this study examined the impact of aqueous extracts from the root exudates at various developmental stages on seed germination and seedling growth. Additionally, we isolated and characterized significant auto-toxic allelochemicals. Our findings revealed that the inhibitory effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes-collectively referred to as a comprehensive effect-intensified progressively with increasing concentrations of the aqueous extracts from C. pilosula root exudates. The most pronounced auto-toxic comprehensive effect was observed with extracts at a concentration of 50 mL during the reproductive phase, diminishing SOD and POD activities, and MDA levels in C. pilosula seedlings by 72.3%, 71.7%, and 83.3% respectively, compared to the control (P<0.05). Three primary allelopathic compounds-acetic acid, hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane, and methoxybenzene oxime were isolated and identified in the aqueous extracts. Acetic acid, constituting 44.1% of the total chemical profile, exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth (P<0.05). In conclusion, the aqueous extracts of C. pilosula root exudates significantly inhibit seed germination and seedling growth, especially during the plant's reproductive stage, with low molecular weight organic acids being the predominant allelopathic components.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315657
spellingShingle Daiyu Qiu
Xue Wang
Fengbin Xu
Qian Li
Fengying Ren
Kan Jiang
Allelopathic and auto-toxic effects of aqueous extracts of Codonopsis pilosula root secretions.
PLoS ONE
title Allelopathic and auto-toxic effects of aqueous extracts of Codonopsis pilosula root secretions.
title_full Allelopathic and auto-toxic effects of aqueous extracts of Codonopsis pilosula root secretions.
title_fullStr Allelopathic and auto-toxic effects of aqueous extracts of Codonopsis pilosula root secretions.
title_full_unstemmed Allelopathic and auto-toxic effects of aqueous extracts of Codonopsis pilosula root secretions.
title_short Allelopathic and auto-toxic effects of aqueous extracts of Codonopsis pilosula root secretions.
title_sort allelopathic and auto toxic effects of aqueous extracts of codonopsis pilosula root secretions
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315657
work_keys_str_mv AT daiyuqiu allelopathicandautotoxiceffectsofaqueousextractsofcodonopsispilosularootsecretions
AT xuewang allelopathicandautotoxiceffectsofaqueousextractsofcodonopsispilosularootsecretions
AT fengbinxu allelopathicandautotoxiceffectsofaqueousextractsofcodonopsispilosularootsecretions
AT qianli allelopathicandautotoxiceffectsofaqueousextractsofcodonopsispilosularootsecretions
AT fengyingren allelopathicandautotoxiceffectsofaqueousextractsofcodonopsispilosularootsecretions
AT kanjiang allelopathicandautotoxiceffectsofaqueousextractsofcodonopsispilosularootsecretions