Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is recognized as a significant public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the occurrence of MDR Salmonella serovars in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines from February to July 2022. Using whole genome sequenc...

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Main Authors: Michael Joseph M. Nagpala, Jonah Feliza B. Mora, Rance Derrick N. Pavon, Windell L. Rivera
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1496685/full
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author Michael Joseph M. Nagpala
Michael Joseph M. Nagpala
Jonah Feliza B. Mora
Rance Derrick N. Pavon
Windell L. Rivera
author_facet Michael Joseph M. Nagpala
Michael Joseph M. Nagpala
Jonah Feliza B. Mora
Rance Derrick N. Pavon
Windell L. Rivera
author_sort Michael Joseph M. Nagpala
collection DOAJ
description The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is recognized as a significant public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the occurrence of MDR Salmonella serovars in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines from February to July 2022. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing, the serovar, drug resistance, and virulence profiles of Salmonella isolates were characterized. Out of 253 chicken cut samples, 95 S. enterica isolates representing 15 distinct serovars were recovered. The most common was S. enterica serovar Infantis (51.58%), followed by S. Brancaster (9.47%), S. Anatum (7.37%), S. London (7.37%), S. Uganda (6.32%), and S. Derby (4.21%). Phenotypic AMR testing revealed that 73.68% of the isolates were resistant to at least one drug class, and 45.26% were MDR. A wide array of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) associated with resistance to 12 different drug classes was identified, including three β-lactamase gene variants: blaCTX-M-65, blaTEM-1, and blaTEM-176. Some of these ARGs were located on MDR plasmids, such as those on IncFIB(K)_1_Kpn3, IncFIA(HI1)_1_HI1, and IncX1_1. A total of 131 virulence genes were detected, some of which conferred pESI-like characteristics to S. Infantis. These findings highlight a potential public health risk posed by pathogenic MDR Salmonella in chicken meat and underscore the urgent need for further research and coordinated AMR surveillance in the Philippines, aiming to stimulate national efforts to combat AMR.
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spelling doaj-art-15a3fa31dc174702bd482697d89e13ea2025-08-20T03:11:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-02-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.14966851496685Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, PhilippinesMichael Joseph M. Nagpala0Michael Joseph M. Nagpala1Jonah Feliza B. Mora2Rance Derrick N. Pavon3Windell L. Rivera4Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, PhilippinesMicrobiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, PhilippinesPathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, PhilippinesPathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, PhilippinesPathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, PhilippinesThe emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is recognized as a significant public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the occurrence of MDR Salmonella serovars in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines from February to July 2022. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing, the serovar, drug resistance, and virulence profiles of Salmonella isolates were characterized. Out of 253 chicken cut samples, 95 S. enterica isolates representing 15 distinct serovars were recovered. The most common was S. enterica serovar Infantis (51.58%), followed by S. Brancaster (9.47%), S. Anatum (7.37%), S. London (7.37%), S. Uganda (6.32%), and S. Derby (4.21%). Phenotypic AMR testing revealed that 73.68% of the isolates were resistant to at least one drug class, and 45.26% were MDR. A wide array of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) associated with resistance to 12 different drug classes was identified, including three β-lactamase gene variants: blaCTX-M-65, blaTEM-1, and blaTEM-176. Some of these ARGs were located on MDR plasmids, such as those on IncFIB(K)_1_Kpn3, IncFIA(HI1)_1_HI1, and IncX1_1. A total of 131 virulence genes were detected, some of which conferred pESI-like characteristics to S. Infantis. These findings highlight a potential public health risk posed by pathogenic MDR Salmonella in chicken meat and underscore the urgent need for further research and coordinated AMR surveillance in the Philippines, aiming to stimulate national efforts to combat AMR.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1496685/fullSalmonella entericaantimicrobial resistance geneschicken meatplasmidswhole genome sequencingvirulence
spellingShingle Michael Joseph M. Nagpala
Michael Joseph M. Nagpala
Jonah Feliza B. Mora
Rance Derrick N. Pavon
Windell L. Rivera
Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines
Frontiers in Microbiology
Salmonella enterica
antimicrobial resistance genes
chicken meat
plasmids
whole genome sequencing
virulence
title Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines
title_full Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines
title_fullStr Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines
title_full_unstemmed Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines
title_short Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in Metro Manila, Philippines
title_sort genomic characterization of antimicrobial resistant salmonella enterica in chicken meat from wet markets in metro manila philippines
topic Salmonella enterica
antimicrobial resistance genes
chicken meat
plasmids
whole genome sequencing
virulence
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1496685/full
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