Hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced Ni-Based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy deposition

The demands of high-performance industries such as aerospace, automotive, tool manufacturing, oil, and gas industries are driving the innovation in high-performance materials and their production methods. This study explores the impact of hybrid manufacturing, specifically the effect of the addition...

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Main Authors: Gökhan Ertugrul, Aliakbar Emdadi, Angelika Jedynak, Sabine Weiß, Sebastian Härtel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Additive Manufacturing Letters
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369025000015
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author Gökhan Ertugrul
Aliakbar Emdadi
Angelika Jedynak
Sabine Weiß
Sebastian Härtel
author_facet Gökhan Ertugrul
Aliakbar Emdadi
Angelika Jedynak
Sabine Weiß
Sebastian Härtel
author_sort Gökhan Ertugrul
collection DOAJ
description The demands of high-performance industries such as aerospace, automotive, tool manufacturing, oil, and gas industries are driving the innovation in high-performance materials and their production methods. This study explores the impact of hybrid manufacturing, specifically the effect of the addition of tungsten carbide (WC/W2C) via Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED), on the hot workability, hardness, and microstructure of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625 (IN625). IN625 is known for its high temperature and high corrosion resistance, and tungsten carbide for its high wear resistance and grain refinement effect. The integration of WC/W2C particles into the IN625 matrix, in addition to the use of the hybrid approach of additive manufacturing followed by a hot–forming process, significantly influences the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the material. Thus, while incorporation of the WC/W2C can strengthen the material and extend the mechanical limitations, its full impact, including any potential usages, should be thoroughly evaluated for the intended application of the materials. To understand the effect of WC/W2C, additive manufacturing of IN625 both with and without WC/W2C and isothermal hot compression was carried out. The objective is to analyze the differences in microstructure and properties between L-DED manufactured IN625, and WC-reinforced IN625, and their hot-forming behavior, focusing on the effects of WC addition and post-deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties. This work represents the first investigation into the effect of WC/W2C hard particles on the hot-forming process of additively manufactured Ni-based metal matrix composites.
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spelling doaj-art-15a216be1a5646c8a5fc17c55509dffd2025-08-20T02:24:46ZengElsevierAdditive Manufacturing Letters2772-36902025-04-011310026710.1016/j.addlet.2025.100267Hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced Ni-Based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy depositionGökhan Ertugrul0Aliakbar Emdadi1Angelika Jedynak2Sabine Weiß3Sebastian Härtel4Chair of Hybrid Manufacturing, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany; Corresponding author.Chair of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, GermanyCenter for Hybrid-Electric Systems Cottbus GmbH, Cottbus, GermanyChair of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, GermanyChair of Hybrid Manufacturing, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, GermanyThe demands of high-performance industries such as aerospace, automotive, tool manufacturing, oil, and gas industries are driving the innovation in high-performance materials and their production methods. This study explores the impact of hybrid manufacturing, specifically the effect of the addition of tungsten carbide (WC/W2C) via Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED), on the hot workability, hardness, and microstructure of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625 (IN625). IN625 is known for its high temperature and high corrosion resistance, and tungsten carbide for its high wear resistance and grain refinement effect. The integration of WC/W2C particles into the IN625 matrix, in addition to the use of the hybrid approach of additive manufacturing followed by a hot–forming process, significantly influences the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the material. Thus, while incorporation of the WC/W2C can strengthen the material and extend the mechanical limitations, its full impact, including any potential usages, should be thoroughly evaluated for the intended application of the materials. To understand the effect of WC/W2C, additive manufacturing of IN625 both with and without WC/W2C and isothermal hot compression was carried out. The objective is to analyze the differences in microstructure and properties between L-DED manufactured IN625, and WC-reinforced IN625, and their hot-forming behavior, focusing on the effects of WC addition and post-deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties. This work represents the first investigation into the effect of WC/W2C hard particles on the hot-forming process of additively manufactured Ni-based metal matrix composites.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369025000015Hybrid manufacturingLaser-directed energy deposition (L-DED)Hot-formingInconel 625 (In625)Nickel-based superalloyMetal matrix composite (MMC)
spellingShingle Gökhan Ertugrul
Aliakbar Emdadi
Angelika Jedynak
Sabine Weiß
Sebastian Härtel
Hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced Ni-Based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy deposition
Additive Manufacturing Letters
Hybrid manufacturing
Laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED)
Hot-forming
Inconel 625 (In625)
Nickel-based superalloy
Metal matrix composite (MMC)
title Hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced Ni-Based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy deposition
title_full Hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced Ni-Based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy deposition
title_fullStr Hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced Ni-Based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy deposition
title_full_unstemmed Hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced Ni-Based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy deposition
title_short Hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced Ni-Based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy deposition
title_sort hot forming behavior of tungsten carbide reinforced ni based superalloy 625 additively manufactured by laser directed energy deposition
topic Hybrid manufacturing
Laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED)
Hot-forming
Inconel 625 (In625)
Nickel-based superalloy
Metal matrix composite (MMC)
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772369025000015
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