Prevalence and characterisation of energy drink consumption in Europe: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: Energy drinks (ED) can cause cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and other health disorders. These effects are particularly pronounced in youth. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the consumption of ED in European countries. Design: A systematic...

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Main Authors: Ana Teijeiro, Nerea Mourino, Guadalupe García, Cristina Candal-Pedreira, Julia Rey-Brandariz, Carla Guerra-Tort, Marta Mascareñas-García, Agustín Montes-Martínez, Leonor Varela-Lema, Mónica Pérez-Ríos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Public Health Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980025100463/type/journal_article
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author Ana Teijeiro
Nerea Mourino
Guadalupe García
Cristina Candal-Pedreira
Julia Rey-Brandariz
Carla Guerra-Tort
Marta Mascareñas-García
Agustín Montes-Martínez
Leonor Varela-Lema
Mónica Pérez-Ríos
author_facet Ana Teijeiro
Nerea Mourino
Guadalupe García
Cristina Candal-Pedreira
Julia Rey-Brandariz
Carla Guerra-Tort
Marta Mascareñas-García
Agustín Montes-Martínez
Leonor Varela-Lema
Mónica Pérez-Ríos
author_sort Ana Teijeiro
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective: Energy drinks (ED) can cause cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and other health disorders. These effects are particularly pronounced in youth. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the consumption of ED in European countries. Design: A systematic bibliographic search was performed in November 2024 in EMBASE, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus and Cochrane databases with no restrictions on country, study period, study design and language. Setting: ED are beverages high in caffeine, sugar and other stimulants. Participants: A total of 2008 studies were identified and reviewed by four researchers. Ninety-four met the inclusion criteria and were extracted in a table designed ad hoc. Results: The included studies showed differences regarding their design, definition of consumption and time frame under study. The most studied frequency of ED consumption was weekly consumption, and the most studied population was school students. An increase in the prevalence of consumption was observed when tracking ED consumption over time. Variables most related to consumption were low socio-economic status, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity, age and sex. Conclusions: It is difficult to have a clear picture of the extent of ED consumption in Europe, mainly due to differences in the design of the studies and the lack of periodicity of the estimates in different countries. However, given the health problems that have been associated with ED consumption, regulation of these beverages is essential, especially in youth.
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spelling doaj-art-159dcec2e03643e1b4b645f99b9b2bd62025-08-20T03:36:38ZengCambridge University PressPublic Health Nutrition1368-98001475-27272025-01-012810.1017/S1368980025100463Prevalence and characterisation of energy drink consumption in Europe: a systematic reviewAna Teijeiro0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4347-162XNerea Mourino1Guadalupe García2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-7655Cristina Candal-Pedreira3Julia Rey-Brandariz4Carla Guerra-Tort5Marta Mascareñas-García6Agustín Montes-Martínez7Leonor Varela-Lema8Mónica Pérez-Ríos9Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain University of A Coruña, University College of Nursing, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain Epidemiology, Public Health and Health Services Evaluation Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain Epidemiology, Public Health and Health Services Evaluation Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain Epidemiology, Public Health and Health Services Evaluation Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain Abstract Objective: Energy drinks (ED) can cause cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and other health disorders. These effects are particularly pronounced in youth. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the consumption of ED in European countries. Design: A systematic bibliographic search was performed in November 2024 in EMBASE, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus and Cochrane databases with no restrictions on country, study period, study design and language. Setting: ED are beverages high in caffeine, sugar and other stimulants. Participants: A total of 2008 studies were identified and reviewed by four researchers. Ninety-four met the inclusion criteria and were extracted in a table designed ad hoc. Results: The included studies showed differences regarding their design, definition of consumption and time frame under study. The most studied frequency of ED consumption was weekly consumption, and the most studied population was school students. An increase in the prevalence of consumption was observed when tracking ED consumption over time. Variables most related to consumption were low socio-economic status, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity, age and sex. Conclusions: It is difficult to have a clear picture of the extent of ED consumption in Europe, mainly due to differences in the design of the studies and the lack of periodicity of the estimates in different countries. However, given the health problems that have been associated with ED consumption, regulation of these beverages is essential, especially in youth. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980025100463/type/journal_articleSystematic reviewEnergy drinksCaffeinePrevalenceEuropePopulation characteristics
spellingShingle Ana Teijeiro
Nerea Mourino
Guadalupe García
Cristina Candal-Pedreira
Julia Rey-Brandariz
Carla Guerra-Tort
Marta Mascareñas-García
Agustín Montes-Martínez
Leonor Varela-Lema
Mónica Pérez-Ríos
Prevalence and characterisation of energy drink consumption in Europe: a systematic review
Public Health Nutrition
Systematic review
Energy drinks
Caffeine
Prevalence
Europe
Population characteristics
title Prevalence and characterisation of energy drink consumption in Europe: a systematic review
title_full Prevalence and characterisation of energy drink consumption in Europe: a systematic review
title_fullStr Prevalence and characterisation of energy drink consumption in Europe: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and characterisation of energy drink consumption in Europe: a systematic review
title_short Prevalence and characterisation of energy drink consumption in Europe: a systematic review
title_sort prevalence and characterisation of energy drink consumption in europe a systematic review
topic Systematic review
Energy drinks
Caffeine
Prevalence
Europe
Population characteristics
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980025100463/type/journal_article
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