Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with quaternized polyethyleneimine: A study of morphology, optical, thermal and mechanical properties

This study aimed first to promote the alkylation of polyethyleneimine (PEI), developing its alkylated (quaternary) form (QA-PEI) by inserting alkyl groups into amine groups. Subsequently, polymer blends with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared via solvent casting, and finally, the physico...

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Main Authors: Rafael Affonso Netto, Guilherme Ribeiro de Carvalho, Lucas Henrique Staffa, Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Budapest University of Technology and Economics 2025-02-01
Series:eXPRESS Polymer Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0013115&mi=cd
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author Rafael Affonso Netto
Guilherme Ribeiro de Carvalho
Lucas Henrique Staffa
Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona
author_facet Rafael Affonso Netto
Guilherme Ribeiro de Carvalho
Lucas Henrique Staffa
Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona
author_sort Rafael Affonso Netto
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed first to promote the alkylation of polyethyleneimine (PEI), developing its alkylated (quaternary) form (QA-PEI) by inserting alkyl groups into amine groups. Subsequently, polymer blends with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared via solvent casting, and finally, the physicochemical, optical, and mechanical behavior of the resulting PMMA/QA-PEI were assessed. Elemental analyses, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) confirmed that the PEI alkylation successfully converted the amine groups into quaternary ammonium groups. When added to PMMA, QA-PEI altered its coloration, making it yellow. In addition, higher contents of QA-PEI hindered PMMA transmittance and increased its opacity due to the larger QA-PEI domains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that PMMA and QA-PEI formed a phase-separated system, establishing a droplet-matrix morphology. The thermal and mechanical behavior showed some compatibility between PMMA and QA-PEI as thermal resistance slightly improved and PMMA glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased. The tensile strength was also improved in the PMMA/QA-PEI blends without significant change in strain at break and tensile modulus.
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publisher Budapest University of Technology and Economics
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series eXPRESS Polymer Letters
spelling doaj-art-157f1a410fcf45f2ba85f47fc02e1a282025-08-20T02:41:55ZengBudapest University of Technology and EconomicseXPRESS Polymer Letters1788-618X2025-02-0119216117510.3144/expresspolymlett.2025.12Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with quaternized polyethyleneimine: A study of morphology, optical, thermal and mechanical propertiesRafael Affonso NettoGuilherme Ribeiro de CarvalhoLucas Henrique StaffaLiliane Maria Ferrareso LonaThis study aimed first to promote the alkylation of polyethyleneimine (PEI), developing its alkylated (quaternary) form (QA-PEI) by inserting alkyl groups into amine groups. Subsequently, polymer blends with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared via solvent casting, and finally, the physicochemical, optical, and mechanical behavior of the resulting PMMA/QA-PEI were assessed. Elemental analyses, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) confirmed that the PEI alkylation successfully converted the amine groups into quaternary ammonium groups. When added to PMMA, QA-PEI altered its coloration, making it yellow. In addition, higher contents of QA-PEI hindered PMMA transmittance and increased its opacity due to the larger QA-PEI domains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that PMMA and QA-PEI formed a phase-separated system, establishing a droplet-matrix morphology. The thermal and mechanical behavior showed some compatibility between PMMA and QA-PEI as thermal resistance slightly improved and PMMA glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased. The tensile strength was also improved in the PMMA/QA-PEI blends without significant change in strain at break and tensile modulus.http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0013115&mi=cdblends film morphology surface property functional polymer
spellingShingle Rafael Affonso Netto
Guilherme Ribeiro de Carvalho
Lucas Henrique Staffa
Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona
Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with quaternized polyethyleneimine: A study of morphology, optical, thermal and mechanical properties
eXPRESS Polymer Letters
blends
film
morphology
surface property
functional polymer
title Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with quaternized polyethyleneimine: A study of morphology, optical, thermal and mechanical properties
title_full Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with quaternized polyethyleneimine: A study of morphology, optical, thermal and mechanical properties
title_fullStr Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with quaternized polyethyleneimine: A study of morphology, optical, thermal and mechanical properties
title_full_unstemmed Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with quaternized polyethyleneimine: A study of morphology, optical, thermal and mechanical properties
title_short Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with quaternized polyethyleneimine: A study of morphology, optical, thermal and mechanical properties
title_sort poly methyl methacrylate blends with quaternized polyethyleneimine a study of morphology optical thermal and mechanical properties
topic blends
film
morphology
surface property
functional polymer
url http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0013115&mi=cd
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AT guilhermeribeirodecarvalho polymethylmethacrylateblendswithquaternizedpolyethyleneimineastudyofmorphologyopticalthermalandmechanicalproperties
AT lucashenriquestaffa polymethylmethacrylateblendswithquaternizedpolyethyleneimineastudyofmorphologyopticalthermalandmechanicalproperties
AT lilianemariaferraresolona polymethylmethacrylateblendswithquaternizedpolyethyleneimineastudyofmorphologyopticalthermalandmechanicalproperties