Post COVID Condition and Long‐Term COVID‐19 Impact on Hepatic Decompensation and Survival in Cirrhosis: A Propensity Matched Observational Study

ABSTRACT Aims Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to decompensation events, including ascites, variceal bleeding (VB), hepatic encephalopathy, or death after COVID‐19 infection. Patients may experience post‐COVID condition (PCC) with multisystem involvement that persists for at least 2 months. M...

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Main Authors: Prerna Sharma, Madhumita Premkumar, Rashmi Ranjan Guru, Anchal Sandhu, Kamal Kajal, Arka De, Sahaj Rathi, Nipun Verma, Sunil Taneja, Virendra Singh, Ajay Kumar Duseja
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:JGH Open
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70142
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author Prerna Sharma
Madhumita Premkumar
Rashmi Ranjan Guru
Anchal Sandhu
Kamal Kajal
Arka De
Sahaj Rathi
Nipun Verma
Sunil Taneja
Virendra Singh
Ajay Kumar Duseja
author_facet Prerna Sharma
Madhumita Premkumar
Rashmi Ranjan Guru
Anchal Sandhu
Kamal Kajal
Arka De
Sahaj Rathi
Nipun Verma
Sunil Taneja
Virendra Singh
Ajay Kumar Duseja
author_sort Prerna Sharma
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Aims Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to decompensation events, including ascites, variceal bleeding (VB), hepatic encephalopathy, or death after COVID‐19 infection. Patients may experience post‐COVID condition (PCC) with multisystem involvement that persists for at least 2 months. Methods Hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and COVID‐19 between January 2021 and January 2023 were assessed for decompensation events and mortality and compared to a propensity‐matched cohort of cirrhosis and non‐COVID‐19 sepsis. Both groups were followed for outcomes over 1 year. Results Of 252 patients with Cirrhosis+ COVID‐19 (73% men, aged 48.9 ± 13.7 years, 31%‐diabetes, 44%‐hypertension, 35%‐alcohol‐associated, 34.5%‐metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease; MASLD), 72 (28.6%) died in hospital and 180 (71.4%) recovered, similar to Cirrhosis+ non‐COVID‐sepsis (58/214, 27.1%). Finally,60 (33.3%) met criteria for PCC, 19 (10.5%) had no post COVID‐19 sequelae and 101 (56.1%) patients died (N = 45) or were lost to follow up (N = 56). Late Mortality was higher in Cirrhosis+ COVID‐19 than non‐COVID‐sepsis (56.1% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.026). Patients with PCC were aged 47.6 years, 63.3%‐men, Charlson Comorbidity Index > 4 (51.7%), 45%‐diabetes, 56.7%‐hypertension, with 33.3%, 23.3%, and 43.3% in Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh class A, B and C, respectively. PCC symptoms included persistent dyspnea (34, 43%), cognitive impairment (20, 25.3%), and anxiety (47, 59.4%). On multivariable analysis, predictors of the development of PCC were baseline MELDNa (HR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.17, p < 0.001) and age (HR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.91–0.99, p = 0.012). Predictors of mortality following COVID‐19 recovery were MELDNa (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05, p = 0.008), age (HR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5, p = 0.002) and hypertension (HR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07–2.49, p = 0.025). Conclusion COVID‐19 is associated with long‐term mortality in cirrhosis even after recovery from respiratory infection. Long COVID is seen in a third of COVID‐19 survivors in patients with cirrhosis.
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spelling doaj-art-157623cbdd6f4db3b5397229fae2b6072025-08-20T02:10:34ZengWileyJGH Open2397-90702025-03-0193n/an/a10.1002/jgh3.70142Post COVID Condition and Long‐Term COVID‐19 Impact on Hepatic Decompensation and Survival in Cirrhosis: A Propensity Matched Observational StudyPrerna Sharma0Madhumita Premkumar1Rashmi Ranjan Guru2Anchal Sandhu3Kamal Kajal4Arka De5Sahaj Rathi6Nipun Verma7Sunil Taneja8Virendra Singh9Ajay Kumar Duseja10Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Hospital Administration Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaDepartment of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh IndiaABSTRACT Aims Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to decompensation events, including ascites, variceal bleeding (VB), hepatic encephalopathy, or death after COVID‐19 infection. Patients may experience post‐COVID condition (PCC) with multisystem involvement that persists for at least 2 months. Methods Hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and COVID‐19 between January 2021 and January 2023 were assessed for decompensation events and mortality and compared to a propensity‐matched cohort of cirrhosis and non‐COVID‐19 sepsis. Both groups were followed for outcomes over 1 year. Results Of 252 patients with Cirrhosis+ COVID‐19 (73% men, aged 48.9 ± 13.7 years, 31%‐diabetes, 44%‐hypertension, 35%‐alcohol‐associated, 34.5%‐metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease; MASLD), 72 (28.6%) died in hospital and 180 (71.4%) recovered, similar to Cirrhosis+ non‐COVID‐sepsis (58/214, 27.1%). Finally,60 (33.3%) met criteria for PCC, 19 (10.5%) had no post COVID‐19 sequelae and 101 (56.1%) patients died (N = 45) or were lost to follow up (N = 56). Late Mortality was higher in Cirrhosis+ COVID‐19 than non‐COVID‐sepsis (56.1% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.026). Patients with PCC were aged 47.6 years, 63.3%‐men, Charlson Comorbidity Index > 4 (51.7%), 45%‐diabetes, 56.7%‐hypertension, with 33.3%, 23.3%, and 43.3% in Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh class A, B and C, respectively. PCC symptoms included persistent dyspnea (34, 43%), cognitive impairment (20, 25.3%), and anxiety (47, 59.4%). On multivariable analysis, predictors of the development of PCC were baseline MELDNa (HR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.17, p < 0.001) and age (HR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.91–0.99, p = 0.012). Predictors of mortality following COVID‐19 recovery were MELDNa (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05, p = 0.008), age (HR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5, p = 0.002) and hypertension (HR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07–2.49, p = 0.025). Conclusion COVID‐19 is associated with long‐term mortality in cirrhosis even after recovery from respiratory infection. Long COVID is seen in a third of COVID‐19 survivors in patients with cirrhosis.https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70142acute decompensation of cirrhosiscirrhosiscoronavirusCOVID‐19 liver failurelong COVID‐19portal hypertension
spellingShingle Prerna Sharma
Madhumita Premkumar
Rashmi Ranjan Guru
Anchal Sandhu
Kamal Kajal
Arka De
Sahaj Rathi
Nipun Verma
Sunil Taneja
Virendra Singh
Ajay Kumar Duseja
Post COVID Condition and Long‐Term COVID‐19 Impact on Hepatic Decompensation and Survival in Cirrhosis: A Propensity Matched Observational Study
JGH Open
acute decompensation of cirrhosis
cirrhosis
coronavirus
COVID‐19 liver failure
long COVID‐19
portal hypertension
title Post COVID Condition and Long‐Term COVID‐19 Impact on Hepatic Decompensation and Survival in Cirrhosis: A Propensity Matched Observational Study
title_full Post COVID Condition and Long‐Term COVID‐19 Impact on Hepatic Decompensation and Survival in Cirrhosis: A Propensity Matched Observational Study
title_fullStr Post COVID Condition and Long‐Term COVID‐19 Impact on Hepatic Decompensation and Survival in Cirrhosis: A Propensity Matched Observational Study
title_full_unstemmed Post COVID Condition and Long‐Term COVID‐19 Impact on Hepatic Decompensation and Survival in Cirrhosis: A Propensity Matched Observational Study
title_short Post COVID Condition and Long‐Term COVID‐19 Impact on Hepatic Decompensation and Survival in Cirrhosis: A Propensity Matched Observational Study
title_sort post covid condition and long term covid 19 impact on hepatic decompensation and survival in cirrhosis a propensity matched observational study
topic acute decompensation of cirrhosis
cirrhosis
coronavirus
COVID‐19 liver failure
long COVID‐19
portal hypertension
url https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.70142
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