Effects of Short- and Long-Distance Road Transport and Temperament on the Magnitude of β-Endorphin Response in Limousine Bulls

Effects of Short- and Long-Distance Road Transport and Temperament on the Magnitude of β-Endorphin Response in Limousine Bulls

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of short- and long-distance road transport and temperament on β-endorphin (β-EP) concentrations in 23 Limousine bulls, aged 12 ± 2 months old, taking into account the related effect on body weight (BW) decrease. Animals were transported by road f...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Esterina Fazio, Salvatore Cavaleri, Pietro Medica, Cristina Cravana, Deborah La Fauci
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Ruminants
Subjects:
β-endorphin
body weight
bulls
temperament
transport stress
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-933X/5/2/11
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