Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Consumer Products: An Overview of the Occurrence, Migration, and Exposure Assessment

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in the production of consumer products globally due to the excellent water and oil resistance and anti-fouling properties. The multiple toxic effects of some PFASs also pose a threat to human health and ecosystem, and the frequent use...

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Main Authors: Yang Yang, Jin Wang, Shali Tang, Jia Qiu, Yan Luo, Chun Yang, Xiaojing Lai, Qian Wang, Hui Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/994
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author Yang Yang
Jin Wang
Shali Tang
Jia Qiu
Yan Luo
Chun Yang
Xiaojing Lai
Qian Wang
Hui Cao
author_facet Yang Yang
Jin Wang
Shali Tang
Jia Qiu
Yan Luo
Chun Yang
Xiaojing Lai
Qian Wang
Hui Cao
author_sort Yang Yang
collection DOAJ
description Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in the production of consumer products globally due to the excellent water and oil resistance and anti-fouling properties. The multiple toxic effects of some PFASs also pose a threat to human health and ecosystem, and the frequent use of certain consumer products increased the risk of human exposure to PFASs. More data on the occurrence, concentration, and migration of PFASs in consumer products is urgently needed to address the possible risks posed by exposure to consumer products. This paper reviews the PFAS concentrations found, the migration characteristics known, and the exposure risks of PFASs arising from several types of consumer products over the last five years. The types of consumer products considered here include food contact materials, textiles, and disposable personal hygiene products. The influence of different factors on the migration process of PFASs from these products are summarized and discussed. Additionally, the main approaches and models of exposure assessment are evaluated and summarized. Current challenges and future research prospects in this field are discussed with a view to providing guidance for the future assessment and regulation of PFASs in consumer products.
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spelling doaj-art-155dc897f35843749062a9f26eb2c66a2025-08-20T02:05:19ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-02-0130599410.3390/molecules30050994Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Consumer Products: An Overview of the Occurrence, Migration, and Exposure AssessmentYang Yang0Jin Wang1Shali Tang2Jia Qiu3Yan Luo4Chun Yang5Xiaojing Lai6Qian Wang7Hui Cao8National Postdoctoral Research Station, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaNational Postdoctoral Research Station, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaNational Postdoctoral Research Station, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaNational Postdoctoral Research Station, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaNational Postdoctoral Research Station, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaNational Postdoctoral Research Station, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaNational Postdoctoral Research Station, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaNational Postdoctoral Research Station, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaNational Postdoctoral Research Station, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in the production of consumer products globally due to the excellent water and oil resistance and anti-fouling properties. The multiple toxic effects of some PFASs also pose a threat to human health and ecosystem, and the frequent use of certain consumer products increased the risk of human exposure to PFASs. More data on the occurrence, concentration, and migration of PFASs in consumer products is urgently needed to address the possible risks posed by exposure to consumer products. This paper reviews the PFAS concentrations found, the migration characteristics known, and the exposure risks of PFASs arising from several types of consumer products over the last five years. The types of consumer products considered here include food contact materials, textiles, and disposable personal hygiene products. The influence of different factors on the migration process of PFASs from these products are summarized and discussed. Additionally, the main approaches and models of exposure assessment are evaluated and summarized. Current challenges and future research prospects in this field are discussed with a view to providing guidance for the future assessment and regulation of PFASs in consumer products.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/994per- and polyfluoroalkyl substancesconsumer productsmigrationexposure assessment
spellingShingle Yang Yang
Jin Wang
Shali Tang
Jia Qiu
Yan Luo
Chun Yang
Xiaojing Lai
Qian Wang
Hui Cao
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Consumer Products: An Overview of the Occurrence, Migration, and Exposure Assessment
Molecules
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
consumer products
migration
exposure assessment
title Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Consumer Products: An Overview of the Occurrence, Migration, and Exposure Assessment
title_full Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Consumer Products: An Overview of the Occurrence, Migration, and Exposure Assessment
title_fullStr Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Consumer Products: An Overview of the Occurrence, Migration, and Exposure Assessment
title_full_unstemmed Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Consumer Products: An Overview of the Occurrence, Migration, and Exposure Assessment
title_short Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Consumer Products: An Overview of the Occurrence, Migration, and Exposure Assessment
title_sort per and polyfluoroalkyl substances pfas in consumer products an overview of the occurrence migration and exposure assessment
topic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
consumer products
migration
exposure assessment
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/994
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