Retrospective analysis of potential sex differences in naturally emerging psychiatric comorbidities over time in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abstract Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) comorbidity patterns vary by sex and age, necessitating understanding for effective diagnosis and intervention. The aim was to assess the prevalence, timing, and distribution of comorbid psychiatric disorders in a Turkish sample, fo...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Middle East Current Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-025-00543-9 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850109983544311808 |
|---|---|
| author | Sabide Duygu Uygun Zeynep Toprak-Kosku Rahime Duygu Temeltürk Merve Çıkılı-Uytun Esra Yürümez Didem Behice Öztop Tuğba Menteşe-Babayiğit Gökçe Yağmur Efendi Birim Günay Kılıç |
| author_facet | Sabide Duygu Uygun Zeynep Toprak-Kosku Rahime Duygu Temeltürk Merve Çıkılı-Uytun Esra Yürümez Didem Behice Öztop Tuğba Menteşe-Babayiğit Gökçe Yağmur Efendi Birim Günay Kılıç |
| author_sort | Sabide Duygu Uygun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) comorbidity patterns vary by sex and age, necessitating understanding for effective diagnosis and intervention. The aim was to assess the prevalence, timing, and distribution of comorbid psychiatric disorders in a Turkish sample, focusing on potential sex differences. Methods A retrospective study included 322 children with ADHD (aged 6 to 18 years). Data, including Conners’ Parent/Teacher Rating Scales (CP/TRS), were collected from university-based clinical records. Results Females with ADHD had a higher rate of psychiatric comorbidity compared to males (83.5% vs. 62.7%, p < .001). Neurodevelopmental disorders were more prevalent in females (p < .001). All CTRS indexes (ADHD, restless/impulsive, emotional lability, and total), as well as oppositional and hyperactive/impulsive subscale scores, showed mild negative correlations with the timing of the first comorbidity other than neurodevelopmental disorders. Logistic regression identified age and specific learning disorders (SLD) as predictors of comorbidity onset (p = .004 and p = .001, respectively). Atomoxetine was preferred more often as a first-line treatment in females, while psychostimulants were used at higher doses in males (p = .035 and p = .050, respectively). Conclusions More attention is needed for females with ADHD. Oppositionality, impulsivity, emotional lability, ADHD severity, age, and SLD appear to be important for the onset of internalizing and externalizing comorbidities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-155b640c2e3544f3a3a0f26eb5ed6c71 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2090-5416 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Middle East Current Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-155b640c2e3544f3a3a0f26eb5ed6c712025-08-20T02:37:57ZengSpringerOpenMiddle East Current Psychiatry2090-54162025-06-0132111310.1186/s43045-025-00543-9Retrospective analysis of potential sex differences in naturally emerging psychiatric comorbidities over time in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorderSabide Duygu Uygun0Zeynep Toprak-Kosku1Rahime Duygu Temeltürk2Merve Çıkılı-Uytun3Esra Yürümez4Didem Behice Öztop5Tuğba Menteşe-Babayiğit6Gökçe Yağmur Efendi7Birim Günay Kılıç8Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of MedicineDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara Training and Research HospitalDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of MedicineDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of MedicineDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of MedicineDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of MedicineDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aksaray Training and Research HospitalDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kocaeli University School of MedicineDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Retired From Ankara University School of MedicineAbstract Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) comorbidity patterns vary by sex and age, necessitating understanding for effective diagnosis and intervention. The aim was to assess the prevalence, timing, and distribution of comorbid psychiatric disorders in a Turkish sample, focusing on potential sex differences. Methods A retrospective study included 322 children with ADHD (aged 6 to 18 years). Data, including Conners’ Parent/Teacher Rating Scales (CP/TRS), were collected from university-based clinical records. Results Females with ADHD had a higher rate of psychiatric comorbidity compared to males (83.5% vs. 62.7%, p < .001). Neurodevelopmental disorders were more prevalent in females (p < .001). All CTRS indexes (ADHD, restless/impulsive, emotional lability, and total), as well as oppositional and hyperactive/impulsive subscale scores, showed mild negative correlations with the timing of the first comorbidity other than neurodevelopmental disorders. Logistic regression identified age and specific learning disorders (SLD) as predictors of comorbidity onset (p = .004 and p = .001, respectively). Atomoxetine was preferred more often as a first-line treatment in females, while psychostimulants were used at higher doses in males (p = .035 and p = .050, respectively). Conclusions More attention is needed for females with ADHD. Oppositionality, impulsivity, emotional lability, ADHD severity, age, and SLD appear to be important for the onset of internalizing and externalizing comorbidities.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-025-00543-9Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderComorbiditySex characteristicsChild and adolescent psychiatryNeurodevelopment condition |
| spellingShingle | Sabide Duygu Uygun Zeynep Toprak-Kosku Rahime Duygu Temeltürk Merve Çıkılı-Uytun Esra Yürümez Didem Behice Öztop Tuğba Menteşe-Babayiğit Gökçe Yağmur Efendi Birim Günay Kılıç Retrospective analysis of potential sex differences in naturally emerging psychiatric comorbidities over time in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Middle East Current Psychiatry Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Comorbidity Sex characteristics Child and adolescent psychiatry Neurodevelopment condition |
| title | Retrospective analysis of potential sex differences in naturally emerging psychiatric comorbidities over time in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
| title_full | Retrospective analysis of potential sex differences in naturally emerging psychiatric comorbidities over time in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
| title_fullStr | Retrospective analysis of potential sex differences in naturally emerging psychiatric comorbidities over time in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retrospective analysis of potential sex differences in naturally emerging psychiatric comorbidities over time in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
| title_short | Retrospective analysis of potential sex differences in naturally emerging psychiatric comorbidities over time in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
| title_sort | retrospective analysis of potential sex differences in naturally emerging psychiatric comorbidities over time in turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| topic | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Comorbidity Sex characteristics Child and adolescent psychiatry Neurodevelopment condition |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-025-00543-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sabideduyguuygun retrospectiveanalysisofpotentialsexdifferencesinnaturallyemergingpsychiatriccomorbiditiesovertimeinturkishchildrenandadolescentswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder AT zeyneptoprakkosku retrospectiveanalysisofpotentialsexdifferencesinnaturallyemergingpsychiatriccomorbiditiesovertimeinturkishchildrenandadolescentswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder AT rahimeduygutemelturk retrospectiveanalysisofpotentialsexdifferencesinnaturallyemergingpsychiatriccomorbiditiesovertimeinturkishchildrenandadolescentswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder AT mervecıkılıuytun retrospectiveanalysisofpotentialsexdifferencesinnaturallyemergingpsychiatriccomorbiditiesovertimeinturkishchildrenandadolescentswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder AT esrayurumez retrospectiveanalysisofpotentialsexdifferencesinnaturallyemergingpsychiatriccomorbiditiesovertimeinturkishchildrenandadolescentswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder AT didembehiceoztop retrospectiveanalysisofpotentialsexdifferencesinnaturallyemergingpsychiatriccomorbiditiesovertimeinturkishchildrenandadolescentswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder AT tugbamentesebabayigit retrospectiveanalysisofpotentialsexdifferencesinnaturallyemergingpsychiatriccomorbiditiesovertimeinturkishchildrenandadolescentswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder AT gokceyagmurefendi retrospectiveanalysisofpotentialsexdifferencesinnaturallyemergingpsychiatriccomorbiditiesovertimeinturkishchildrenandadolescentswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder AT birimgunaykılıc retrospectiveanalysisofpotentialsexdifferencesinnaturallyemergingpsychiatriccomorbiditiesovertimeinturkishchildrenandadolescentswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder |