Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Metastases: Targeting the Tumor–Bone Microenvironment
Bone metastases are a prevalent and debilitating consequence of various cancers, including breast and prostate carcinomas, which significantly compromise patient quality of life due to pain, fractures, and other skeletal-related events (SREs). This review examines the pathophysiology of bone metasta...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/603 |
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| author | Mohamad Bakir Ahmad Dawalibi Mohammad Alaa Mufti Ayman Behiery Khalid S. Mohammad |
| author_facet | Mohamad Bakir Ahmad Dawalibi Mohammad Alaa Mufti Ayman Behiery Khalid S. Mohammad |
| author_sort | Mohamad Bakir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bone metastases are a prevalent and debilitating consequence of various cancers, including breast and prostate carcinomas, which significantly compromise patient quality of life due to pain, fractures, and other skeletal-related events (SREs). This review examines the pathophysiology of bone metastases, emphasizing the role of the bone microenvironment in tumor progression through mechanisms such as osteotropism and the dysregulated bone remodeling cycle. The primary focus is on the emerging nano-drug delivery systems (DDS) designed to target the bone microenvironment and improve the therapeutic index of anticancer agents. Current treatments, mainly comprising bisphosphonates and radiotherapy, provide palliative benefits but often have limited efficacy and significant side effects. Innovative strategies, such as bisphosphonate-conjugated nanoparticles and targeted therapies that utilize the unique bone marrow niche, are explored for their potential to enhance drug accumulation at metastatic sites while minimizing systemic toxicity. These approaches include the use of liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, which can be functionalized to exploit the biological barriers within the bone microenvironment. This review also discusses the challenges and future directions for nano-DDS in clinical settings, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary research to effectively integrate these technologies into standard care protocols. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1545a83033a94c2e83b9734b508b515e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-1545a83033a94c2e83b9734b508b515e2025-08-20T03:14:32ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-05-0117560310.3390/pharmaceutics17050603Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Metastases: Targeting the Tumor–Bone MicroenvironmentMohamad Bakir0Ahmad Dawalibi1Mohammad Alaa Mufti2Ayman Behiery3Khalid S. Mohammad4Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi ArabiaBone metastases are a prevalent and debilitating consequence of various cancers, including breast and prostate carcinomas, which significantly compromise patient quality of life due to pain, fractures, and other skeletal-related events (SREs). This review examines the pathophysiology of bone metastases, emphasizing the role of the bone microenvironment in tumor progression through mechanisms such as osteotropism and the dysregulated bone remodeling cycle. The primary focus is on the emerging nano-drug delivery systems (DDS) designed to target the bone microenvironment and improve the therapeutic index of anticancer agents. Current treatments, mainly comprising bisphosphonates and radiotherapy, provide palliative benefits but often have limited efficacy and significant side effects. Innovative strategies, such as bisphosphonate-conjugated nanoparticles and targeted therapies that utilize the unique bone marrow niche, are explored for their potential to enhance drug accumulation at metastatic sites while minimizing systemic toxicity. These approaches include the use of liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, which can be functionalized to exploit the biological barriers within the bone microenvironment. This review also discusses the challenges and future directions for nano-DDS in clinical settings, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary research to effectively integrate these technologies into standard care protocols.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/603bone metastasesnanoparticles in oncologytargeted drug deliverybone-targeting nanoparticlesnanocarrier systemsnano-therapeutics for bone metastasis |
| spellingShingle | Mohamad Bakir Ahmad Dawalibi Mohammad Alaa Mufti Ayman Behiery Khalid S. Mohammad Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Metastases: Targeting the Tumor–Bone Microenvironment Pharmaceutics bone metastases nanoparticles in oncology targeted drug delivery bone-targeting nanoparticles nanocarrier systems nano-therapeutics for bone metastasis |
| title | Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Metastases: Targeting the Tumor–Bone Microenvironment |
| title_full | Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Metastases: Targeting the Tumor–Bone Microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Metastases: Targeting the Tumor–Bone Microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Metastases: Targeting the Tumor–Bone Microenvironment |
| title_short | Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Metastases: Targeting the Tumor–Bone Microenvironment |
| title_sort | nano drug delivery systems for bone metastases targeting the tumor bone microenvironment |
| topic | bone metastases nanoparticles in oncology targeted drug delivery bone-targeting nanoparticles nanocarrier systems nano-therapeutics for bone metastasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/603 |
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