Understanding root causes of homelessness in Marin County, CA and prevention strategies through semi-structured interviews and constant comparative analysis

Abstract Introduction Even with the increased prevalence of homelessness in the US, there is limited research that investigates circumstances that can lead to homelessness, especially in affluent communities in California. This lack of understanding, even when resources are available, perpetuates th...

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Main Authors: Michaela F. George, Kelsey M. Bas, Joseph A. Blakely, Naila I. Saghir, Garrett T. Siebels, Liliana Valle-Contreras, Sehrish Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Discover Mental Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-025-00208-3
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author Michaela F. George
Kelsey M. Bas
Joseph A. Blakely
Naila I. Saghir
Garrett T. Siebels
Liliana Valle-Contreras
Sehrish Khan
author_facet Michaela F. George
Kelsey M. Bas
Joseph A. Blakely
Naila I. Saghir
Garrett T. Siebels
Liliana Valle-Contreras
Sehrish Khan
author_sort Michaela F. George
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Even with the increased prevalence of homelessness in the US, there is limited research that investigates circumstances that can lead to homelessness, especially in affluent communities in California. This lack of understanding, even when resources are available, perpetuates the inequities in health and wellbeing statewide, connection to basic necessities, effective prevention strategies, and meaningful policy changes. Methods This qualitative analysis consisted of a total of 24, semi-structured interviews conducted in the Spring of 2023 by public health researchers. Participants (18 and older) who were seeking support from a local community partner (the Ritter Center) were interviewed. Interviews consisted of a verbal consent in English and a set of IRB approved questions about the participants life circumstances and background that may have led to homelessness. Transcribed interviews were coded, and several themes emerged. Results Thematic analysis supports three main themes: lack of resources, mental health struggles and past trauma, and safety and health issues. Lack of resources draws attention for more access to sustainable housing opportunities to prevent homeless in the first place. Struggles with mental health stemmed from extreme childhood trauma including stories of abandonment. Substance use and misuse were reported both before and after experiencing homelessness. Many participants expressed current concerns about their relationship with safety and overall health for many years. Conclusions Common themes suggest that there are recurrent circumstances that lead to individuals experiencing homelessness. Understanding the root causes of homelessness can help public health departments, local government and organizations implement upstream interventions to prevent the perpetuation of homelessness.
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spelling doaj-art-1531f462078646e8a4e384b593bb66ef2025-08-20T03:22:04ZengSpringerDiscover Mental Health2731-43832025-05-01511810.1007/s44192-025-00208-3Understanding root causes of homelessness in Marin County, CA and prevention strategies through semi-structured interviews and constant comparative analysisMichaela F. George0Kelsey M. Bas1Joseph A. Blakely2Naila I. Saghir3Garrett T. Siebels4Liliana Valle-Contreras5Sehrish Khan6Global Public Health Department, School of Health and Natural Sciences, Dominican University of CaliforniaGlobal Public Health Department, School of Health and Natural Sciences, Dominican University of CaliforniaGlobal Public Health Department, School of Health and Natural Sciences, Dominican University of CaliforniaGlobal Public Health Department, School of Health and Natural Sciences, Dominican University of CaliforniaGlobal Public Health Department, School of Health and Natural Sciences, Dominican University of CaliforniaGlobal Public Health Department, School of Health and Natural Sciences, Dominican University of CaliforniaThe Ritter CenterAbstract Introduction Even with the increased prevalence of homelessness in the US, there is limited research that investigates circumstances that can lead to homelessness, especially in affluent communities in California. This lack of understanding, even when resources are available, perpetuates the inequities in health and wellbeing statewide, connection to basic necessities, effective prevention strategies, and meaningful policy changes. Methods This qualitative analysis consisted of a total of 24, semi-structured interviews conducted in the Spring of 2023 by public health researchers. Participants (18 and older) who were seeking support from a local community partner (the Ritter Center) were interviewed. Interviews consisted of a verbal consent in English and a set of IRB approved questions about the participants life circumstances and background that may have led to homelessness. Transcribed interviews were coded, and several themes emerged. Results Thematic analysis supports three main themes: lack of resources, mental health struggles and past trauma, and safety and health issues. Lack of resources draws attention for more access to sustainable housing opportunities to prevent homeless in the first place. Struggles with mental health stemmed from extreme childhood trauma including stories of abandonment. Substance use and misuse were reported both before and after experiencing homelessness. Many participants expressed current concerns about their relationship with safety and overall health for many years. Conclusions Common themes suggest that there are recurrent circumstances that lead to individuals experiencing homelessness. Understanding the root causes of homelessness can help public health departments, local government and organizations implement upstream interventions to prevent the perpetuation of homelessness.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-025-00208-3HomelessnessIn-depth interviewsCommunity healthRoot causesThematic analysisMental health
spellingShingle Michaela F. George
Kelsey M. Bas
Joseph A. Blakely
Naila I. Saghir
Garrett T. Siebels
Liliana Valle-Contreras
Sehrish Khan
Understanding root causes of homelessness in Marin County, CA and prevention strategies through semi-structured interviews and constant comparative analysis
Discover Mental Health
Homelessness
In-depth interviews
Community health
Root causes
Thematic analysis
Mental health
title Understanding root causes of homelessness in Marin County, CA and prevention strategies through semi-structured interviews and constant comparative analysis
title_full Understanding root causes of homelessness in Marin County, CA and prevention strategies through semi-structured interviews and constant comparative analysis
title_fullStr Understanding root causes of homelessness in Marin County, CA and prevention strategies through semi-structured interviews and constant comparative analysis
title_full_unstemmed Understanding root causes of homelessness in Marin County, CA and prevention strategies through semi-structured interviews and constant comparative analysis
title_short Understanding root causes of homelessness in Marin County, CA and prevention strategies through semi-structured interviews and constant comparative analysis
title_sort understanding root causes of homelessness in marin county ca and prevention strategies through semi structured interviews and constant comparative analysis
topic Homelessness
In-depth interviews
Community health
Root causes
Thematic analysis
Mental health
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-025-00208-3
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