Impact of alarm signals and mutualistic interactions in a food chain model of oxpeckers, zebras, and lions
This paper has developed a three-species food chain model among the interactions of oxpeckers, zebras, and lions. This model considers a mutualistic interaction between zebras and oxpeckers. In the absence of lions and other species, it is thought that oxpeckers and zebras grow logistically. It is a...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818125001160 |
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