Bidah Pomegranate Landrace: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity

Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) belongs to the Punicaceae family and is native to Central Asia; yet, it has a wide geographical distribution globally, reflecting its adaptation to different climatic conditions. Pomegranate is among the oldest and most significant cultivated crops...

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Main Authors: Abdalrhaman M. Salih, Nada M. Alattas, Qasi D. Alsubaie, Saheed O. Anifowose
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/3/489
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author Abdalrhaman M. Salih
Nada M. Alattas
Qasi D. Alsubaie
Saheed O. Anifowose
author_facet Abdalrhaman M. Salih
Nada M. Alattas
Qasi D. Alsubaie
Saheed O. Anifowose
author_sort Abdalrhaman M. Salih
collection DOAJ
description Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) belongs to the Punicaceae family and is native to Central Asia; yet, it has a wide geographical distribution globally, reflecting its adaptation to different climatic conditions. Pomegranate is among the oldest and most significant cultivated crops, thriving extensively in tropical and subtropical climates. Besides its nutritional uses, pomegranate has been employed in traditional medicine for treating various diseases, including cancer prevention, antimicrobial activity, male infertility, ulcers, and diarrhea. The Bidah pomegranate cultivar is known for its unique sweet taste and high productivity yield. However, there is limited knowledge about its nutritional composition and medicinal value. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the functional potential of Bidah pomegranate in terms of its phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial, and anticancer activity. Different analytical techniques were used to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Bidah pomegranate. Moreover, the biological activity of shoot and callus of Bidah pomegranate cultivar was assessed against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), and the colorectal cancer cell line (CaCo-2). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the shoot and callus extracts revealed about 17 and 18 phytochemical compounds, respectively. Phenolic quantification showed that pomegranate materials contained high amounts of phenolic content. Additionally, Bidah pomegranate cultivar possesses high antioxidant activity with a low half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. Furthermore, the pomegranate extract showed promising results with human pathogenic bacteria (<i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>), especially against <i>S. aureus</i> and the colorectal cancer cell line (CaCo-2). The findings of this study support the traditional use of pomegranate in folk medicine and highlight its potential for further exploration as a source of therapeutic agents.
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spelling doaj-art-15205a16e1154c75aadf561bff6f47522025-08-20T01:49:00ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-03-0115348910.3390/life15030489Bidah Pomegranate Landrace: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer ActivityAbdalrhaman M. Salih0Nada M. Alattas1Qasi D. Alsubaie2Saheed O. Anifowose3National Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Estidamah), Riyadh Techno Valley, Riyadh 12373, Saudi ArabiaNational Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Estidamah), Riyadh Techno Valley, Riyadh 12373, Saudi ArabiaNational Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Estidamah), Riyadh Techno Valley, Riyadh 12373, Saudi ArabiaZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaPomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) belongs to the Punicaceae family and is native to Central Asia; yet, it has a wide geographical distribution globally, reflecting its adaptation to different climatic conditions. Pomegranate is among the oldest and most significant cultivated crops, thriving extensively in tropical and subtropical climates. Besides its nutritional uses, pomegranate has been employed in traditional medicine for treating various diseases, including cancer prevention, antimicrobial activity, male infertility, ulcers, and diarrhea. The Bidah pomegranate cultivar is known for its unique sweet taste and high productivity yield. However, there is limited knowledge about its nutritional composition and medicinal value. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the functional potential of Bidah pomegranate in terms of its phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial, and anticancer activity. Different analytical techniques were used to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Bidah pomegranate. Moreover, the biological activity of shoot and callus of Bidah pomegranate cultivar was assessed against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), and the colorectal cancer cell line (CaCo-2). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the shoot and callus extracts revealed about 17 and 18 phytochemical compounds, respectively. Phenolic quantification showed that pomegranate materials contained high amounts of phenolic content. Additionally, Bidah pomegranate cultivar possesses high antioxidant activity with a low half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. Furthermore, the pomegranate extract showed promising results with human pathogenic bacteria (<i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>), especially against <i>S. aureus</i> and the colorectal cancer cell line (CaCo-2). The findings of this study support the traditional use of pomegranate in folk medicine and highlight its potential for further exploration as a source of therapeutic agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/3/489Bidah pomegranate cultivarshootcallusantioxidant capacityantibacterialapoptosis
spellingShingle Abdalrhaman M. Salih
Nada M. Alattas
Qasi D. Alsubaie
Saheed O. Anifowose
Bidah Pomegranate Landrace: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity
Life
Bidah pomegranate cultivar
shoot
callus
antioxidant capacity
antibacterial
apoptosis
title Bidah Pomegranate Landrace: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity
title_full Bidah Pomegranate Landrace: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity
title_fullStr Bidah Pomegranate Landrace: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity
title_full_unstemmed Bidah Pomegranate Landrace: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity
title_short Bidah Pomegranate Landrace: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity
title_sort bidah pomegranate landrace chemical composition antioxidant antibacterial and anticancer activity
topic Bidah pomegranate cultivar
shoot
callus
antioxidant capacity
antibacterial
apoptosis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/3/489
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AT nadamalattas bidahpomegranatelandracechemicalcompositionantioxidantantibacterialandanticanceractivity
AT qasidalsubaie bidahpomegranatelandracechemicalcompositionantioxidantantibacterialandanticanceractivity
AT saheedoanifowose bidahpomegranatelandracechemicalcompositionantioxidantantibacterialandanticanceractivity