Ethical climate in higher education: The interplay of leadership, moral efficacy, and team cohesion in diverse cultural contexts

Ethical climate, ethical leadership, team cohesion, and collective moral efficacy influence organizational integrity and performance within higher education institutions. How do these factors interact within various cultural and institutional contexts, and what mechanisms reveal their relationships?...

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Main Authors: Qaiser Mohi Ud Din, Aqsa Tahir, Yang Xiaojuan, Sultan Alqahtani, Nagina Gul
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Acta Psychologica
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825002999
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author Qaiser Mohi Ud Din
Aqsa Tahir
Yang Xiaojuan
Sultan Alqahtani
Nagina Gul
author_facet Qaiser Mohi Ud Din
Aqsa Tahir
Yang Xiaojuan
Sultan Alqahtani
Nagina Gul
author_sort Qaiser Mohi Ud Din
collection DOAJ
description Ethical climate, ethical leadership, team cohesion, and collective moral efficacy influence organizational integrity and performance within higher education institutions. How do these factors interact within various cultural and institutional contexts, and what mechanisms reveal their relationships? This research investigates the relationship between ethical climate, ethical leadership, collective moral efficacy, and team cohesion within Pakistan, China, and Saudi Arabia higher education institutions. The research is based on Social Cognitive Theory and utilizes a quantitative survey method, obtaining data from 15 universities chosen for their varied cultural, economic, and institutional contexts. The results indicate that ethical climate substantially improves ethical leadership, with collective moral efficacy as a mediator and team cohesion as a moderator. The strength of these relationships differs among countries: China's collectivist culture and strong institutional frameworks enhance these associations, whereas Pakistan's resource limitations and systemic challenges diminish them. Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 reforms indicate advancement; however, they encounter challenges in implementation. This study addresses significant gaps in the literature by introducing collective moral efficacy and team cohesion as mediating and moderating variables, extending Social Cognitive Theory, and offering a cross-cultural perspective on ethical leadership. The findings highlight the significance of promoting ethical climates, enhancing team cohesion, and tackling systemic challenges to improve leadership effectiveness and organizational outcomes. This investigation provides strategies for higher education institutions to enhance ethical practices and resilience across varied cultural and economic contexts. Ultimately, this study raises a pivotal question: How can higher education institutions worldwide leverage ethical climate and leadership to foster sustainable organizational practices and achieve institutional excellence in an increasingly complex global landscape?
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spelling doaj-art-150b42fe4bcb42cabd8396580496d4b72025-08-20T02:11:41ZengElsevierActa Psychologica0001-69182025-05-0125510498610.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104986Ethical climate in higher education: The interplay of leadership, moral efficacy, and team cohesion in diverse cultural contextsQaiser Mohi Ud Din0Aqsa Tahir1Yang Xiaojuan2Sultan Alqahtani3Nagina Gul4Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, ChinaBusiness School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, ChinaBusiness School, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; Corresponding author at: Business School, High-Quality Development Research Centre for Modern Industries of Jialing River Basin, China West Normal University, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637009, China.Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, ChinaFaculty of Management, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences, Quetta, PakistanEthical climate, ethical leadership, team cohesion, and collective moral efficacy influence organizational integrity and performance within higher education institutions. How do these factors interact within various cultural and institutional contexts, and what mechanisms reveal their relationships? This research investigates the relationship between ethical climate, ethical leadership, collective moral efficacy, and team cohesion within Pakistan, China, and Saudi Arabia higher education institutions. The research is based on Social Cognitive Theory and utilizes a quantitative survey method, obtaining data from 15 universities chosen for their varied cultural, economic, and institutional contexts. The results indicate that ethical climate substantially improves ethical leadership, with collective moral efficacy as a mediator and team cohesion as a moderator. The strength of these relationships differs among countries: China's collectivist culture and strong institutional frameworks enhance these associations, whereas Pakistan's resource limitations and systemic challenges diminish them. Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 reforms indicate advancement; however, they encounter challenges in implementation. This study addresses significant gaps in the literature by introducing collective moral efficacy and team cohesion as mediating and moderating variables, extending Social Cognitive Theory, and offering a cross-cultural perspective on ethical leadership. The findings highlight the significance of promoting ethical climates, enhancing team cohesion, and tackling systemic challenges to improve leadership effectiveness and organizational outcomes. This investigation provides strategies for higher education institutions to enhance ethical practices and resilience across varied cultural and economic contexts. Ultimately, this study raises a pivotal question: How can higher education institutions worldwide leverage ethical climate and leadership to foster sustainable organizational practices and achieve institutional excellence in an increasingly complex global landscape?http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825002999Ethical leadershipCollective moral efficacyComparative studyHigher educationChinaPakistan
spellingShingle Qaiser Mohi Ud Din
Aqsa Tahir
Yang Xiaojuan
Sultan Alqahtani
Nagina Gul
Ethical climate in higher education: The interplay of leadership, moral efficacy, and team cohesion in diverse cultural contexts
Acta Psychologica
Ethical leadership
Collective moral efficacy
Comparative study
Higher education
China
Pakistan
title Ethical climate in higher education: The interplay of leadership, moral efficacy, and team cohesion in diverse cultural contexts
title_full Ethical climate in higher education: The interplay of leadership, moral efficacy, and team cohesion in diverse cultural contexts
title_fullStr Ethical climate in higher education: The interplay of leadership, moral efficacy, and team cohesion in diverse cultural contexts
title_full_unstemmed Ethical climate in higher education: The interplay of leadership, moral efficacy, and team cohesion in diverse cultural contexts
title_short Ethical climate in higher education: The interplay of leadership, moral efficacy, and team cohesion in diverse cultural contexts
title_sort ethical climate in higher education the interplay of leadership moral efficacy and team cohesion in diverse cultural contexts
topic Ethical leadership
Collective moral efficacy
Comparative study
Higher education
China
Pakistan
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825002999
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