Salivary elicitor disulfide isomerase from Nilaparvata lugens targets host rice UDP-glucose epimerase 2 to induce plant defenses

Elicitors in insect saliva enable plants to detect insect presence and activate their defense responses. However, the detailed mechanisms through which these elicitors induce host plant defense responses and interact with endogenous host plant proteins remain poorly understood. In this study, we ide...

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Main Authors: Jianmei Fu, Zhichang Zhao, Jichao Fang, Rui Ji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Plant Stress
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25000090
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author Jianmei Fu
Zhichang Zhao
Jichao Fang
Rui Ji
author_facet Jianmei Fu
Zhichang Zhao
Jichao Fang
Rui Ji
author_sort Jianmei Fu
collection DOAJ
description Elicitors in insect saliva enable plants to detect insect presence and activate their defense responses. However, the detailed mechanisms through which these elicitors induce host plant defense responses and interact with endogenous host plant proteins remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a salivary elicitor, protein disulfide isomerase (NlPDI1), from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH). Overexpression of NlPDI1 in rice triggered the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), jasmonate (JA), and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), thereby enhancing rice's resistance to BPH. Furthermore, NlPDI1 interacts with the immunity-related protein UDP-glucose epimerase 2 (OsUGE2), leading to a decrease in OsUGE2 protein abundance. BPH performance was negatively affected in uge2 mutants, which exhibited elevated levels of H2O2, JA, and JA-Ile, along with stunted growth. Conversely, BPH preferred the rice overexpressing OsUGE2, which displayed reduced levels of H2O2, JA, and JA-Ile. These findings elucidate the mechanism by which the salivary elicitor NlPDI1 induces defense responses in host rice by targeting the negative immune regulator OsUGE2. However, NlPDI1 is essential for the feeding, survival, and fecundity of BPH. The significance of NlPDI1 for insect growth makes it unlikely that the insect could evolve ways to evade perception by rice.
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spelling doaj-art-1506a6c904444d7a86e6bca65bcfad502025-08-20T03:01:42ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2025-03-011510074410.1016/j.stress.2025.100744Salivary elicitor disulfide isomerase from Nilaparvata lugens targets host rice UDP-glucose epimerase 2 to induce plant defensesJianmei Fu0Zhichang Zhao1Jichao Fang2Rui Ji3Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Corresponding authors.Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Corresponding authors.Elicitors in insect saliva enable plants to detect insect presence and activate their defense responses. However, the detailed mechanisms through which these elicitors induce host plant defense responses and interact with endogenous host plant proteins remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a salivary elicitor, protein disulfide isomerase (NlPDI1), from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH). Overexpression of NlPDI1 in rice triggered the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), jasmonate (JA), and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), thereby enhancing rice's resistance to BPH. Furthermore, NlPDI1 interacts with the immunity-related protein UDP-glucose epimerase 2 (OsUGE2), leading to a decrease in OsUGE2 protein abundance. BPH performance was negatively affected in uge2 mutants, which exhibited elevated levels of H2O2, JA, and JA-Ile, along with stunted growth. Conversely, BPH preferred the rice overexpressing OsUGE2, which displayed reduced levels of H2O2, JA, and JA-Ile. These findings elucidate the mechanism by which the salivary elicitor NlPDI1 induces defense responses in host rice by targeting the negative immune regulator OsUGE2. However, NlPDI1 is essential for the feeding, survival, and fecundity of BPH. The significance of NlPDI1 for insect growth makes it unlikely that the insect could evolve ways to evade perception by rice.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25000090Planthopper–rice interactionSalivary elicitorDisulfide isomeraseUDP-glucose epimerase 2Plant defense
spellingShingle Jianmei Fu
Zhichang Zhao
Jichao Fang
Rui Ji
Salivary elicitor disulfide isomerase from Nilaparvata lugens targets host rice UDP-glucose epimerase 2 to induce plant defenses
Plant Stress
Planthopper–rice interaction
Salivary elicitor
Disulfide isomerase
UDP-glucose epimerase 2
Plant defense
title Salivary elicitor disulfide isomerase from Nilaparvata lugens targets host rice UDP-glucose epimerase 2 to induce plant defenses
title_full Salivary elicitor disulfide isomerase from Nilaparvata lugens targets host rice UDP-glucose epimerase 2 to induce plant defenses
title_fullStr Salivary elicitor disulfide isomerase from Nilaparvata lugens targets host rice UDP-glucose epimerase 2 to induce plant defenses
title_full_unstemmed Salivary elicitor disulfide isomerase from Nilaparvata lugens targets host rice UDP-glucose epimerase 2 to induce plant defenses
title_short Salivary elicitor disulfide isomerase from Nilaparvata lugens targets host rice UDP-glucose epimerase 2 to induce plant defenses
title_sort salivary elicitor disulfide isomerase from nilaparvata lugens targets host rice udp glucose epimerase 2 to induce plant defenses
topic Planthopper–rice interaction
Salivary elicitor
Disulfide isomerase
UDP-glucose epimerase 2
Plant defense
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X25000090
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AT jichaofang salivaryelicitordisulfideisomerasefromnilaparvatalugenstargetshostriceudpglucoseepimerase2toinduceplantdefenses
AT ruiji salivaryelicitordisulfideisomerasefromnilaparvatalugenstargetshostriceudpglucoseepimerase2toinduceplantdefenses