Determining the PM<sub>10</sub> Pollution Sources near the Copper Smelter in Bor, Serbia
The EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 model was applied to determine the sources and characteristics of PM<sub>10</sub> collected near the copper smelter in Bor, Serbia, from September 2009 to July 2010. For a better understanding of the industrial sources of PM<sub>10<...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1498 |
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| author | Renata Kovačević Bojan Radović Dragan Manojlović Tamara Urošević Tatjana Apostolovski-Trujić Viša Tasić Milena Jovašević-Stojanović |
| author_facet | Renata Kovačević Bojan Radović Dragan Manojlović Tamara Urošević Tatjana Apostolovski-Trujić Viša Tasić Milena Jovašević-Stojanović |
| author_sort | Renata Kovačević |
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| description | The EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 model was applied to determine the sources and characteristics of PM<sub>10</sub> collected near the copper smelter in Bor, Serbia, from September 2009 to July 2010. For a better understanding of the industrial sources of PM<sub>10</sub> pollution, the dataset was divided into four observation periods: heating season (HS), non-heating season (NHS), copper smelter in work (SW), and copper smelter out of work (SOW). The daily limit for the PM<sub>10</sub> fraction of 50 μg/m<sup>3</sup> was exceeded on one-sixth of days in the NHS, about half the days in the HS, and about one-third of days during the SOW and SW period. The nine different sources of PM<sub>10</sub> were identified: fuel combustion, industrial dust, dust from tailings, storage and preparation of raw materials, secondary nitrate, Cu smelter, traffic, cadmium, and plant for the production of precious metals. The contribution of factors related to the activities in the copper smelter complex to the total mass of PM<sub>10</sub> was 83.1%. When the copper smelter was out of work the contribution of all the factors related to PM<sub>10</sub> pollution from the copper smelter to the total mass of the PM<sub>10</sub> was 2.3-fold lower, 35.8%, compared with the period when the copper smelter was in work. This study is the first attempt to use PMF receptor modeling to determine the air pollution sources and their contribution to ambient air pollution in the city of Bor, Serbia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-14fa7b36c8ad45e196532a5d9de4e76f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-14fa7b36c8ad45e196532a5d9de4e76f2025-08-20T02:53:27ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-12-011512149810.3390/atmos15121498Determining the PM<sub>10</sub> Pollution Sources near the Copper Smelter in Bor, SerbiaRenata Kovačević0Bojan Radović1Dragan Manojlović2Tamara Urošević3Tatjana Apostolovski-Trujić4Viša Tasić5Milena Jovašević-Stojanović6Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Alberta Ajnštajna 1, 19210 Bor, SerbiaMining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Alberta Ajnštajna 1, 19210 Bor, SerbiaFaculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaMining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Alberta Ajnštajna 1, 19210 Bor, SerbiaMining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Alberta Ajnštajna 1, 19210 Bor, SerbiaMining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Alberta Ajnštajna 1, 19210 Bor, SerbiaVIDIS Centar, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Vinča, 11351 Belgrade, SerbiaThe EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 model was applied to determine the sources and characteristics of PM<sub>10</sub> collected near the copper smelter in Bor, Serbia, from September 2009 to July 2010. For a better understanding of the industrial sources of PM<sub>10</sub> pollution, the dataset was divided into four observation periods: heating season (HS), non-heating season (NHS), copper smelter in work (SW), and copper smelter out of work (SOW). The daily limit for the PM<sub>10</sub> fraction of 50 μg/m<sup>3</sup> was exceeded on one-sixth of days in the NHS, about half the days in the HS, and about one-third of days during the SOW and SW period. The nine different sources of PM<sub>10</sub> were identified: fuel combustion, industrial dust, dust from tailings, storage and preparation of raw materials, secondary nitrate, Cu smelter, traffic, cadmium, and plant for the production of precious metals. The contribution of factors related to the activities in the copper smelter complex to the total mass of PM<sub>10</sub> was 83.1%. When the copper smelter was out of work the contribution of all the factors related to PM<sub>10</sub> pollution from the copper smelter to the total mass of the PM<sub>10</sub> was 2.3-fold lower, 35.8%, compared with the period when the copper smelter was in work. This study is the first attempt to use PMF receptor modeling to determine the air pollution sources and their contribution to ambient air pollution in the city of Bor, Serbia.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1498air pollutionparticulate mattercopper smelterarsenicheavy metalsmining |
| spellingShingle | Renata Kovačević Bojan Radović Dragan Manojlović Tamara Urošević Tatjana Apostolovski-Trujić Viša Tasić Milena Jovašević-Stojanović Determining the PM<sub>10</sub> Pollution Sources near the Copper Smelter in Bor, Serbia Atmosphere air pollution particulate matter copper smelter arsenic heavy metals mining |
| title | Determining the PM<sub>10</sub> Pollution Sources near the Copper Smelter in Bor, Serbia |
| title_full | Determining the PM<sub>10</sub> Pollution Sources near the Copper Smelter in Bor, Serbia |
| title_fullStr | Determining the PM<sub>10</sub> Pollution Sources near the Copper Smelter in Bor, Serbia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determining the PM<sub>10</sub> Pollution Sources near the Copper Smelter in Bor, Serbia |
| title_short | Determining the PM<sub>10</sub> Pollution Sources near the Copper Smelter in Bor, Serbia |
| title_sort | determining the pm sub 10 sub pollution sources near the copper smelter in bor serbia |
| topic | air pollution particulate matter copper smelter arsenic heavy metals mining |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/12/1498 |
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