Study on the smoke transportation rule and the cooperative smoke removal effect of fire in an ultra-long submarine tunnel
To address the challenges of smoke extraction during fire incidents in ultra-long submarine tunnels, this study investigated the smoke transport dynamics in the second submarine tunnel of Jiaozhou Bay. A quantitative assessment was performed to analyze the influence of variables such as fire source...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-10-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25011694 |
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| author | Song Xin Yuan Li Shangxiao Liu Caihua Shi |
| author_facet | Song Xin Yuan Li Shangxiao Liu Caihua Shi |
| author_sort | Song Xin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To address the challenges of smoke extraction during fire incidents in ultra-long submarine tunnels, this study investigated the smoke transport dynamics in the second submarine tunnel of Jiaozhou Bay. A quantitative assessment was performed to analyze the influence of variables such as fire source heat release rate, spacing between exhaust outlets, and the aspect ratio of exhaust vents. Findings indicate that at a fire power of 50 MW, optimal smoke extraction efficiency is achieved with an exhaust outlet aspect ratio of 6 × 1 and a spacing of 35 m. Nonetheless, smoke dispersal from the fire source remains extensive, hindering effective personnel evacuation. To mitigate this, a rapid smoke control strategy integrating horizontal and vertical ventilation is proposed. This coordinated exhaust approach reduces the average upstream smoke spread by 120 m, lowers tunnel temperature by 47.37 %, decreases CO concentration by 33.3 %, and significantly mitigates the risk of toxic exposure. The outcomes offer a novel framework for enhancing emergency smoke management in ultra-long submarine tunnel environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-14eedaec5fb9406598e1ea523e890951 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-14eedaec5fb9406598e1ea523e8909512025-08-22T04:56:20ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-10-017410690910.1016/j.csite.2025.106909Study on the smoke transportation rule and the cooperative smoke removal effect of fire in an ultra-long submarine tunnelSong Xin0Yuan Li1Shangxiao Liu2Caihua Shi3College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; College of Transportation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, ChinaCollege of Transportation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, ChinaCollege of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; College of Transportation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Corresponding author. College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing, 102202, ChinaTo address the challenges of smoke extraction during fire incidents in ultra-long submarine tunnels, this study investigated the smoke transport dynamics in the second submarine tunnel of Jiaozhou Bay. A quantitative assessment was performed to analyze the influence of variables such as fire source heat release rate, spacing between exhaust outlets, and the aspect ratio of exhaust vents. Findings indicate that at a fire power of 50 MW, optimal smoke extraction efficiency is achieved with an exhaust outlet aspect ratio of 6 × 1 and a spacing of 35 m. Nonetheless, smoke dispersal from the fire source remains extensive, hindering effective personnel evacuation. To mitigate this, a rapid smoke control strategy integrating horizontal and vertical ventilation is proposed. This coordinated exhaust approach reduces the average upstream smoke spread by 120 m, lowers tunnel temperature by 47.37 %, decreases CO concentration by 33.3 %, and significantly mitigates the risk of toxic exposure. The outcomes offer a novel framework for enhancing emergency smoke management in ultra-long submarine tunnel environments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25011694Submarine tunnelFireNumerical simulationSmoke evacuation |
| spellingShingle | Song Xin Yuan Li Shangxiao Liu Caihua Shi Study on the smoke transportation rule and the cooperative smoke removal effect of fire in an ultra-long submarine tunnel Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Submarine tunnel Fire Numerical simulation Smoke evacuation |
| title | Study on the smoke transportation rule and the cooperative smoke removal effect of fire in an ultra-long submarine tunnel |
| title_full | Study on the smoke transportation rule and the cooperative smoke removal effect of fire in an ultra-long submarine tunnel |
| title_fullStr | Study on the smoke transportation rule and the cooperative smoke removal effect of fire in an ultra-long submarine tunnel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the smoke transportation rule and the cooperative smoke removal effect of fire in an ultra-long submarine tunnel |
| title_short | Study on the smoke transportation rule and the cooperative smoke removal effect of fire in an ultra-long submarine tunnel |
| title_sort | study on the smoke transportation rule and the cooperative smoke removal effect of fire in an ultra long submarine tunnel |
| topic | Submarine tunnel Fire Numerical simulation Smoke evacuation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25011694 |
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