Influence of vegetable oils and their constituents on in vitro human keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration

Abstract Human skin is a complex organ essential for protection, hydration and regeneration, with keratinocytes and fibroblasts playing pivotal roles in wound healing and tissue renewal. This study investigates the effects of selected vegetable oils, fatty acids and unsaponifiable compounds on the p...

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Main Authors: Nina Poljšak, Nina Kočevar Glavač, Matjaž Ravnikar, Matjaž Jeras
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09711-7
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author Nina Poljšak
Nina Kočevar Glavač
Matjaž Ravnikar
Matjaž Jeras
author_facet Nina Poljšak
Nina Kočevar Glavač
Matjaž Ravnikar
Matjaž Jeras
author_sort Nina Poljšak
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Human skin is a complex organ essential for protection, hydration and regeneration, with keratinocytes and fibroblasts playing pivotal roles in wound healing and tissue renewal. This study investigates the effects of selected vegetable oils, fatty acids and unsaponifiable compounds on the proliferation and migration of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. Oils were selected based on their specific fatty acid profiles, including coconut, olive, linden, poppy, pomegranate, marigold and linseed oils. Using cell proliferation and gap closure assays, the impact of these oils and their constituents on cell proliferation and migration was evaluated. Results showed that the tested biological activity of the oils depended primarily on the fatty acid composition of their triglycerides. Oils rich in essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, significantly promoted cell proliferation. In contrast, unsaponifiable compounds showed no effect, while punicic acid and pomegranate seed oil had a significant negative impact. The oils did not exert notable effects on the closure rate of the artificial wound gap; however, sterculic and oleic acids inhibited gap closure and induced changes in cell morphology. These findings support the role of plant oils and their composition in enhancing skin cell regeneration, and provide in vitro evidence to support their application in cosmetic and dermatological formulations aimed at skin repair and evidence-based skincare.
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spelling doaj-art-14e38635f1a84ecf99ec2fee82d787d62025-08-20T04:02:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-09711-7Influence of vegetable oils and their constituents on in vitro human keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migrationNina Poljšak0Nina Kočevar Glavač1Matjaž Ravnikar2Matjaž Jeras3Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of LjubljanaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of LjubljanaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of LjubljanaDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of LjubljanaAbstract Human skin is a complex organ essential for protection, hydration and regeneration, with keratinocytes and fibroblasts playing pivotal roles in wound healing and tissue renewal. This study investigates the effects of selected vegetable oils, fatty acids and unsaponifiable compounds on the proliferation and migration of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. Oils were selected based on their specific fatty acid profiles, including coconut, olive, linden, poppy, pomegranate, marigold and linseed oils. Using cell proliferation and gap closure assays, the impact of these oils and their constituents on cell proliferation and migration was evaluated. Results showed that the tested biological activity of the oils depended primarily on the fatty acid composition of their triglycerides. Oils rich in essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, significantly promoted cell proliferation. In contrast, unsaponifiable compounds showed no effect, while punicic acid and pomegranate seed oil had a significant negative impact. The oils did not exert notable effects on the closure rate of the artificial wound gap; however, sterculic and oleic acids inhibited gap closure and induced changes in cell morphology. These findings support the role of plant oils and their composition in enhancing skin cell regeneration, and provide in vitro evidence to support their application in cosmetic and dermatological formulations aimed at skin repair and evidence-based skincare.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09711-7Fatty acidsFibroblastsKeratinocytesProliferationUnsaponifiable compoundsVegetable oils
spellingShingle Nina Poljšak
Nina Kočevar Glavač
Matjaž Ravnikar
Matjaž Jeras
Influence of vegetable oils and their constituents on in vitro human keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration
Scientific Reports
Fatty acids
Fibroblasts
Keratinocytes
Proliferation
Unsaponifiable compounds
Vegetable oils
title Influence of vegetable oils and their constituents on in vitro human keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration
title_full Influence of vegetable oils and their constituents on in vitro human keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration
title_fullStr Influence of vegetable oils and their constituents on in vitro human keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration
title_full_unstemmed Influence of vegetable oils and their constituents on in vitro human keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration
title_short Influence of vegetable oils and their constituents on in vitro human keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration
title_sort influence of vegetable oils and their constituents on in vitro human keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration
topic Fatty acids
Fibroblasts
Keratinocytes
Proliferation
Unsaponifiable compounds
Vegetable oils
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09711-7
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AT matjazravnikar influenceofvegetableoilsandtheirconstituentsoninvitrohumankeratinocyteandfibroblastproliferationandmigration
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