Synthetic inertia estimation in the presence of measurement noise and delays: An application to wind turbine generators

Synthetic inertia generation is essential in power grids with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). The inverters interfacing the RES with the grid are equipped with dedicated controllers that set a power reference proportional to the rate of change of the electrical frequency (RoCoF)...

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Main Authors: Valentina Baruzzi, Alessandro Rosini, Matteo Lodi, Andrea Bonfiglio, Alberto Oliveri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525000626
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author Valentina Baruzzi
Alessandro Rosini
Matteo Lodi
Andrea Bonfiglio
Alberto Oliveri
author_facet Valentina Baruzzi
Alessandro Rosini
Matteo Lodi
Andrea Bonfiglio
Alberto Oliveri
author_sort Valentina Baruzzi
collection DOAJ
description Synthetic inertia generation is essential in power grids with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). The inverters interfacing the RES with the grid are equipped with dedicated controllers that set a power reference proportional to the rate of change of the electrical frequency (RoCoF) of the grid. In the grid following configuration, the RoCoF must be evaluated in real-time, but measurement noise and delays make the real provided inertia deviate from the imposed one. This work aims to quantify the effects of measurement noise and delays on the synthetic inertia provided by a grid-following inverter equipped with a virtual hidden inertia emulator, connected to a wind farm. Both simulations and experimental tests exploiting a hardware prototype and a real-time simulator are carried out in different scenarios.
format Article
id doaj-art-14d61bad6a2c46f2a30e308f9fc08922
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issn 0142-0615
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
spelling doaj-art-14d61bad6a2c46f2a30e308f9fc089222025-08-20T03:00:05ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems0142-06152025-05-0116611051110.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110511Synthetic inertia estimation in the presence of measurement noise and delays: An application to wind turbine generatorsValentina Baruzzi0Alessandro Rosini1Matteo Lodi2Andrea Bonfiglio3Alberto Oliveri4Department of Electric, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 11A, Genova, 16145, ItalyDepartment of Electric, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 11A, Genova, 16145, ItalyDepartment of Electric, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 11A, Genova, 16145, ItalyDepartment of Electric, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 11A, Genova, 16145, ItalyCorresponding author.; Department of Electric, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 11A, Genova, 16145, ItalySynthetic inertia generation is essential in power grids with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES). The inverters interfacing the RES with the grid are equipped with dedicated controllers that set a power reference proportional to the rate of change of the electrical frequency (RoCoF) of the grid. In the grid following configuration, the RoCoF must be evaluated in real-time, but measurement noise and delays make the real provided inertia deviate from the imposed one. This work aims to quantify the effects of measurement noise and delays on the synthetic inertia provided by a grid-following inverter equipped with a virtual hidden inertia emulator, connected to a wind farm. Both simulations and experimental tests exploiting a hardware prototype and a real-time simulator are carried out in different scenarios.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525000626Wind turbine generatorSynthetic inertiaReal-time simulations
spellingShingle Valentina Baruzzi
Alessandro Rosini
Matteo Lodi
Andrea Bonfiglio
Alberto Oliveri
Synthetic inertia estimation in the presence of measurement noise and delays: An application to wind turbine generators
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Wind turbine generator
Synthetic inertia
Real-time simulations
title Synthetic inertia estimation in the presence of measurement noise and delays: An application to wind turbine generators
title_full Synthetic inertia estimation in the presence of measurement noise and delays: An application to wind turbine generators
title_fullStr Synthetic inertia estimation in the presence of measurement noise and delays: An application to wind turbine generators
title_full_unstemmed Synthetic inertia estimation in the presence of measurement noise and delays: An application to wind turbine generators
title_short Synthetic inertia estimation in the presence of measurement noise and delays: An application to wind turbine generators
title_sort synthetic inertia estimation in the presence of measurement noise and delays an application to wind turbine generators
topic Wind turbine generator
Synthetic inertia
Real-time simulations
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525000626
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