Powering renewable hydrogen production with alternative water sources: Is it economically feasible?

Limited access to freshwater is a barrier to implement water electrolysis processes regardless of the availability of renewable energy sources. The present work aims to evaluate the economic potential of green hydrogen production using high-quality water produced from alternative water sources. Spec...

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Main Authors: Sergi Vinardell, Jose Luis Cortina, César Valderrama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Energy Nexus
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000981
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author Sergi Vinardell
Jose Luis Cortina
César Valderrama
author_facet Sergi Vinardell
Jose Luis Cortina
César Valderrama
author_sort Sergi Vinardell
collection DOAJ
description Limited access to freshwater is a barrier to implement water electrolysis processes regardless of the availability of renewable energy sources. The present work aims to evaluate the economic potential of green hydrogen production using high-quality water produced from alternative water sources. Specifically, the study focuses on two scenarios where desalted water for the electrolyser is produced from either treated urban wastewater or seawater using membrane technologies. The results illustrated that the water reclamation scheme featured substantially lower costs (0.81–1.02 €/m3) than the seawater desalination plant (1.09–1.58 €/m3). However, implementing a water production process before the electrolyser only represented a minor impact (< 2.4 %) on the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) and specific energy consumption of the integrated system, even with water production costs as high as 10 €/m3. The contribution of the specific water consumption to the LCOH ranged between 0.10 and 1.80 % when considering water consumptions between 9 and 15 L/kgH2, respectively. The sensitivity analysis illustrated that the impact of water production on the LCOH was nearly negligible when compared with other operating factors, such as the electrolyser efficiency or the load factor. Overall, this study highlights that water production from alternative water sources has a minimal impact on the economic balance of the electrolyser, making it a viable option to support green hydrogen projects in water-scarce regions.
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spelling doaj-art-14d0180d1ffc43ef9e26f0f74932b7a72025-08-20T02:07:13ZengElsevierEnergy Nexus2772-42712025-06-011810045710.1016/j.nexus.2025.100457Powering renewable hydrogen production with alternative water sources: Is it economically feasible?Sergi Vinardell0Jose Luis Cortina1César Valderrama2Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08930, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain; Corresponding author at: Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08930, Spain.Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08930, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain; CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues, 75, Cornellà de Llobregat 08940, SpainChemical Engineering Department, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08930, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Barcelona 08930, SpainLimited access to freshwater is a barrier to implement water electrolysis processes regardless of the availability of renewable energy sources. The present work aims to evaluate the economic potential of green hydrogen production using high-quality water produced from alternative water sources. Specifically, the study focuses on two scenarios where desalted water for the electrolyser is produced from either treated urban wastewater or seawater using membrane technologies. The results illustrated that the water reclamation scheme featured substantially lower costs (0.81–1.02 €/m3) than the seawater desalination plant (1.09–1.58 €/m3). However, implementing a water production process before the electrolyser only represented a minor impact (< 2.4 %) on the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) and specific energy consumption of the integrated system, even with water production costs as high as 10 €/m3. The contribution of the specific water consumption to the LCOH ranged between 0.10 and 1.80 % when considering water consumptions between 9 and 15 L/kgH2, respectively. The sensitivity analysis illustrated that the impact of water production on the LCOH was nearly negligible when compared with other operating factors, such as the electrolyser efficiency or the load factor. Overall, this study highlights that water production from alternative water sources has a minimal impact on the economic balance of the electrolyser, making it a viable option to support green hydrogen projects in water-scarce regions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000981Green hydrogenWater-energy nexusPower-to-gasRenewable energyDecarbonizationWater reclamation
spellingShingle Sergi Vinardell
Jose Luis Cortina
César Valderrama
Powering renewable hydrogen production with alternative water sources: Is it economically feasible?
Energy Nexus
Green hydrogen
Water-energy nexus
Power-to-gas
Renewable energy
Decarbonization
Water reclamation
title Powering renewable hydrogen production with alternative water sources: Is it economically feasible?
title_full Powering renewable hydrogen production with alternative water sources: Is it economically feasible?
title_fullStr Powering renewable hydrogen production with alternative water sources: Is it economically feasible?
title_full_unstemmed Powering renewable hydrogen production with alternative water sources: Is it economically feasible?
title_short Powering renewable hydrogen production with alternative water sources: Is it economically feasible?
title_sort powering renewable hydrogen production with alternative water sources is it economically feasible
topic Green hydrogen
Water-energy nexus
Power-to-gas
Renewable energy
Decarbonization
Water reclamation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000981
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AT joseluiscortina poweringrenewablehydrogenproductionwithalternativewatersourcesisiteconomicallyfeasible
AT cesarvalderrama poweringrenewablehydrogenproductionwithalternativewatersourcesisiteconomicallyfeasible