Study on accumulative plastic deformation of cement-fly ash improved subgrade coarse-grained soil under heavy-haul traffic loads and relative prediction based on PSO-ANN

Abstract In order to study the accumulative plastic deformation characteristics of coarse-grained subgrade soil improved by cement-fly ash under heavy-haul traffic loads, and propose the corresponding prediction model, a series of dynamic performance tests were conducted under varying axial dynamic...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhou Wenquan, Zhu Yan, Duan Jian, Liang Qiao, Liu Zhaofeng, Yi Runzhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12398-5
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849332742867648512
author Zhou Wenquan
Zhu Yan
Duan Jian
Liang Qiao
Liu Zhaofeng
Yi Runzhou
author_facet Zhou Wenquan
Zhu Yan
Duan Jian
Liang Qiao
Liu Zhaofeng
Yi Runzhou
author_sort Zhou Wenquan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In order to study the accumulative plastic deformation characteristics of coarse-grained subgrade soil improved by cement-fly ash under heavy-haul traffic loads, and propose the corresponding prediction model, a series of dynamic performance tests were conducted under varying axial dynamic stress amplitudes, confining pressures and additive contents to acquire accumulative plastic strain-vibration times relationship curve. Subsequently, an accumulative plastic strain prediction model trained by PSO-ANN was developed. The research shows that as the axial dynamic stress amplitude gradually increases, the accumulative plastic strain of the specimen also increases under constant vibration frequency.The accumulative plastic strain of coarse-grained soil gradually decreases with increasing confining pressure.Higher additive content leads to smaller accumulative plastic strain under the same vibration.Compared to the traditional ANN model, the PSO-ANN model more accurately describes the accumulative plastic deformation behavior, demonstrating the superiority of the prediction model. The generalization ability of the model was analyzed and the prediction potential of the model was also proved.This research offers crucial practical guidance for both expanding and refurbishing existing heavy-haul railways, as well as for designing new heavy-haul railway improved soil subgrade.
format Article
id doaj-art-14c63e61f37d468ababd0bbfdbba6ffc
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-14c63e61f37d468ababd0bbfdbba6ffc2025-08-20T03:46:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-12398-5Study on accumulative plastic deformation of cement-fly ash improved subgrade coarse-grained soil under heavy-haul traffic loads and relative prediction based on PSO-ANNZhou Wenquan0Zhu Yan1Duan Jian2Liang Qiao3Liu Zhaofeng4Yi Runzhou5Department of Construction Engineering, Hunan Institute of EngineeringChengdu Tianfu New Area Zhongcheng Inspection and Testing Co., LtdDepartment of Construction Engineering, Hunan Institute of EngineeringDepartment of Construction Engineering, Hunan Institute of EngineeringDepartment of Construction Engineering, Hunan Institute of EngineeringDepartment of Construction Engineering, Hunan Institute of EngineeringAbstract In order to study the accumulative plastic deformation characteristics of coarse-grained subgrade soil improved by cement-fly ash under heavy-haul traffic loads, and propose the corresponding prediction model, a series of dynamic performance tests were conducted under varying axial dynamic stress amplitudes, confining pressures and additive contents to acquire accumulative plastic strain-vibration times relationship curve. Subsequently, an accumulative plastic strain prediction model trained by PSO-ANN was developed. The research shows that as the axial dynamic stress amplitude gradually increases, the accumulative plastic strain of the specimen also increases under constant vibration frequency.The accumulative plastic strain of coarse-grained soil gradually decreases with increasing confining pressure.Higher additive content leads to smaller accumulative plastic strain under the same vibration.Compared to the traditional ANN model, the PSO-ANN model more accurately describes the accumulative plastic deformation behavior, demonstrating the superiority of the prediction model. The generalization ability of the model was analyzed and the prediction potential of the model was also proved.This research offers crucial practical guidance for both expanding and refurbishing existing heavy-haul railways, as well as for designing new heavy-haul railway improved soil subgrade.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12398-5Coarse-grained soilTriaxial loading testsCement-fly Ash improvementAccumulative plastic deformationPSOANN
spellingShingle Zhou Wenquan
Zhu Yan
Duan Jian
Liang Qiao
Liu Zhaofeng
Yi Runzhou
Study on accumulative plastic deformation of cement-fly ash improved subgrade coarse-grained soil under heavy-haul traffic loads and relative prediction based on PSO-ANN
Scientific Reports
Coarse-grained soil
Triaxial loading tests
Cement-fly Ash improvement
Accumulative plastic deformation
PSO
ANN
title Study on accumulative plastic deformation of cement-fly ash improved subgrade coarse-grained soil under heavy-haul traffic loads and relative prediction based on PSO-ANN
title_full Study on accumulative plastic deformation of cement-fly ash improved subgrade coarse-grained soil under heavy-haul traffic loads and relative prediction based on PSO-ANN
title_fullStr Study on accumulative plastic deformation of cement-fly ash improved subgrade coarse-grained soil under heavy-haul traffic loads and relative prediction based on PSO-ANN
title_full_unstemmed Study on accumulative plastic deformation of cement-fly ash improved subgrade coarse-grained soil under heavy-haul traffic loads and relative prediction based on PSO-ANN
title_short Study on accumulative plastic deformation of cement-fly ash improved subgrade coarse-grained soil under heavy-haul traffic loads and relative prediction based on PSO-ANN
title_sort study on accumulative plastic deformation of cement fly ash improved subgrade coarse grained soil under heavy haul traffic loads and relative prediction based on pso ann
topic Coarse-grained soil
Triaxial loading tests
Cement-fly Ash improvement
Accumulative plastic deformation
PSO
ANN
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12398-5
work_keys_str_mv AT zhouwenquan studyonaccumulativeplasticdeformationofcementflyashimprovedsubgradecoarsegrainedsoilunderheavyhaultrafficloadsandrelativepredictionbasedonpsoann
AT zhuyan studyonaccumulativeplasticdeformationofcementflyashimprovedsubgradecoarsegrainedsoilunderheavyhaultrafficloadsandrelativepredictionbasedonpsoann
AT duanjian studyonaccumulativeplasticdeformationofcementflyashimprovedsubgradecoarsegrainedsoilunderheavyhaultrafficloadsandrelativepredictionbasedonpsoann
AT liangqiao studyonaccumulativeplasticdeformationofcementflyashimprovedsubgradecoarsegrainedsoilunderheavyhaultrafficloadsandrelativepredictionbasedonpsoann
AT liuzhaofeng studyonaccumulativeplasticdeformationofcementflyashimprovedsubgradecoarsegrainedsoilunderheavyhaultrafficloadsandrelativepredictionbasedonpsoann
AT yirunzhou studyonaccumulativeplasticdeformationofcementflyashimprovedsubgradecoarsegrainedsoilunderheavyhaultrafficloadsandrelativepredictionbasedonpsoann