Esophageal cancer trends in the US from 1992 to 2019 with projections to 2044 using SEER data
Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased substantially to become the most common type of esophageal cancer in the United States, surpassing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Whether the increasing incidence of EAC is linked to trends in esophageal cancer mortality is unclear....
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01674-z |
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| author | Zhaomin Xie Jiajia Lin Zihuan Li Hexing Sun Kaiyuan Huang Danping Lin Yingsheng Xiao Congzhu Li De Zeng |
| author_facet | Zhaomin Xie Jiajia Lin Zihuan Li Hexing Sun Kaiyuan Huang Danping Lin Yingsheng Xiao Congzhu Li De Zeng |
| author_sort | Zhaomin Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased substantially to become the most common type of esophageal cancer in the United States, surpassing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Whether the increasing incidence of EAC is linked to trends in esophageal cancer mortality is unclear. We analyzed esophageal cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-12 cancer registry program, using Joinpoint regression for trend analysis and a decomposition method to attribute changes to population growth, population aging, and epidemiological changes. Age–period–cohort models were employed to estimate incidence and mortality through 2044. Between 1992 and 2019, 39,700 individuals were diagnosed with esophageal cancer, and 35,259 deaths were recorded from 1993 to 2019. The overall incidence of esophageal cancer declined [average annual percent change (AAPC), − 0.7%], but the incidence of EAC increased by an AAPC of 1.6% per year (P < 0.001) from 1992 to 2019. The overall mortality rates decreased by an annual percentage change of 1.0% [95% confidence intervals − 1.2% to − 0.7%] from 1998 to 2019, primarily related to decline in ESCC in 1996–2019. The mortality of EAC increased by an AAPC of 2.2% per year (P < 0.001) over the study period and increased for all demographic characteristic groups. Population aging and growth largely explain the increase in esophageal cancer over the last 3 decades. Future projections (2019–2044) suggest a 31% increase in incidence and deaths, with EAC rates continuing to rise (AAPC, 0.25; 95% CI 0.23–0.28). The number of esophageal cancer cases and deaths have significantly increased and projections indicate that this trend will continue. Effective measures must be taken to address the burden of esophageal cancer. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-14c2fde6ea4943c5bc28cf09d35454642025-08-20T04:01:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-01674-zEsophageal cancer trends in the US from 1992 to 2019 with projections to 2044 using SEER dataZhaomin Xie0Jiajia Lin1Zihuan Li2Hexing Sun3Kaiyuan Huang4Danping Lin5Yingsheng Xiao6Congzhu Li7De Zeng8Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeSchool of Public Health, Shantou UniversityHospital Infection Management Department, Guangdong Second Provincial General HospitalDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeDepartment of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeDepartment of Thyroid Surgery, Shantou Central HospitalDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeDepartment of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeAbstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased substantially to become the most common type of esophageal cancer in the United States, surpassing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Whether the increasing incidence of EAC is linked to trends in esophageal cancer mortality is unclear. We analyzed esophageal cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-12 cancer registry program, using Joinpoint regression for trend analysis and a decomposition method to attribute changes to population growth, population aging, and epidemiological changes. Age–period–cohort models were employed to estimate incidence and mortality through 2044. Between 1992 and 2019, 39,700 individuals were diagnosed with esophageal cancer, and 35,259 deaths were recorded from 1993 to 2019. The overall incidence of esophageal cancer declined [average annual percent change (AAPC), − 0.7%], but the incidence of EAC increased by an AAPC of 1.6% per year (P < 0.001) from 1992 to 2019. The overall mortality rates decreased by an annual percentage change of 1.0% [95% confidence intervals − 1.2% to − 0.7%] from 1998 to 2019, primarily related to decline in ESCC in 1996–2019. The mortality of EAC increased by an AAPC of 2.2% per year (P < 0.001) over the study period and increased for all demographic characteristic groups. Population aging and growth largely explain the increase in esophageal cancer over the last 3 decades. Future projections (2019–2044) suggest a 31% increase in incidence and deaths, with EAC rates continuing to rise (AAPC, 0.25; 95% CI 0.23–0.28). The number of esophageal cancer cases and deaths have significantly increased and projections indicate that this trend will continue. Effective measures must be taken to address the burden of esophageal cancer.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01674-zEsophageal cancerIncidenceIncidence-based mortalityTrendsAging |
| spellingShingle | Zhaomin Xie Jiajia Lin Zihuan Li Hexing Sun Kaiyuan Huang Danping Lin Yingsheng Xiao Congzhu Li De Zeng Esophageal cancer trends in the US from 1992 to 2019 with projections to 2044 using SEER data Scientific Reports Esophageal cancer Incidence Incidence-based mortality Trends Aging |
| title | Esophageal cancer trends in the US from 1992 to 2019 with projections to 2044 using SEER data |
| title_full | Esophageal cancer trends in the US from 1992 to 2019 with projections to 2044 using SEER data |
| title_fullStr | Esophageal cancer trends in the US from 1992 to 2019 with projections to 2044 using SEER data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Esophageal cancer trends in the US from 1992 to 2019 with projections to 2044 using SEER data |
| title_short | Esophageal cancer trends in the US from 1992 to 2019 with projections to 2044 using SEER data |
| title_sort | esophageal cancer trends in the us from 1992 to 2019 with projections to 2044 using seer data |
| topic | Esophageal cancer Incidence Incidence-based mortality Trends Aging |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01674-z |
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