Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco
Background. Knowledge about the genetic gain for fundamental traits over time is essential for a critical assessment and improvement of breeding programs, especially regarding staple crops like bread wheat.Materials and methods. To estimate the genetic gain in bread wheat breeding in Morocco, grain...
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N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции |
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| Online Access: | https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1648 |
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| author | S. Bennani M. Taghouti F. Gaboun |
| author_facet | S. Bennani M. Taghouti F. Gaboun |
| author_sort | S. Bennani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Knowledge about the genetic gain for fundamental traits over time is essential for a critical assessment and improvement of breeding programs, especially regarding staple crops like bread wheat.Materials and methods. To estimate the genetic gain in bread wheat breeding in Morocco, grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) data were collected from 12 multi-environment field trials for 20 bread wheat cultivars released between 1980 and 2022.Results and discussion. Analysis of variance highlighted a high significant variability between environments (E), cultivars (G), and a significant G × E interaction (P < 0.001). Based on stability analysis, the modern cultivars released during the two last decades (2002–2012 and 2013–2022) showed the highest performances and wider stability than old ones, especially in low-yielding environments. Genetic gain (GG) for GY was 21.4 kg ha−1 yr−1 (0.75% yr–1) over 4 decades of breeding. This progress was declining when advancing in decades and ranged from 11% (from 1980–1990 to 1991–2001) to less than 7% (from 2002–2012 to 2013–2022). The GG in low and intermediate yielding environments were the most important (17.34% and 6.88% yr–1 respectively), while GG was nonsignificant in high-yielding environments (4.62% yr–1). Within the same period, GPC showed a nonsignificant negative trend of –0.007% (–0.002% yr–1), while derivative parameters from GY and GPC indicated high positive genetic progress. More efforts should be deployed to implement a good balance between yield performance and quality in the new released cultivars despite the negative correlation between these two traits (r = –0.36; P < 0.001).Conclusion. Adopting advanced technologies, like genomic selection, adequate agronomic practices, and more efficient selection criteria are essential steps to further increase simultaneously grain yield and quality traits. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-14afb62efa414abfb2d91dd0196d9945 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-8834 2619-0982 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции |
| spelling | doaj-art-14afb62efa414abfb2d91dd0196d99452025-02-03T08:31:16ZengN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции2227-88342619-09822023-10-011843213110.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-21-31720Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in MoroccoS. Bennani0M. Taghouti1F. Gaboun2National Institute of Agricultural ResearchNational Institute of Agricultural ResearchNational Institute of Agricultural ResearchBackground. Knowledge about the genetic gain for fundamental traits over time is essential for a critical assessment and improvement of breeding programs, especially regarding staple crops like bread wheat.Materials and methods. To estimate the genetic gain in bread wheat breeding in Morocco, grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) data were collected from 12 multi-environment field trials for 20 bread wheat cultivars released between 1980 and 2022.Results and discussion. Analysis of variance highlighted a high significant variability between environments (E), cultivars (G), and a significant G × E interaction (P < 0.001). Based on stability analysis, the modern cultivars released during the two last decades (2002–2012 and 2013–2022) showed the highest performances and wider stability than old ones, especially in low-yielding environments. Genetic gain (GG) for GY was 21.4 kg ha−1 yr−1 (0.75% yr–1) over 4 decades of breeding. This progress was declining when advancing in decades and ranged from 11% (from 1980–1990 to 1991–2001) to less than 7% (from 2002–2012 to 2013–2022). The GG in low and intermediate yielding environments were the most important (17.34% and 6.88% yr–1 respectively), while GG was nonsignificant in high-yielding environments (4.62% yr–1). Within the same period, GPC showed a nonsignificant negative trend of –0.007% (–0.002% yr–1), while derivative parameters from GY and GPC indicated high positive genetic progress. More efforts should be deployed to implement a good balance between yield performance and quality in the new released cultivars despite the negative correlation between these two traits (r = –0.36; P < 0.001).Conclusion. Adopting advanced technologies, like genomic selection, adequate agronomic practices, and more efficient selection criteria are essential steps to further increase simultaneously grain yield and quality traits.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1648bread wheatstability analysisgrain yieldgrain protein content |
| spellingShingle | S. Bennani M. Taghouti F. Gaboun Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции bread wheat stability analysis grain yield grain protein content |
| title | Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco |
| title_full | Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco |
| title_fullStr | Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco |
| title_short | Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco |
| title_sort | genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in morocco |
| topic | bread wheat stability analysis grain yield grain protein content |
| url | https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1648 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sbennani geneticgainofgrainyieldandqualityinbreadwheatcultivarsrepresenting40yearsofbreedinginmorocco AT mtaghouti geneticgainofgrainyieldandqualityinbreadwheatcultivarsrepresenting40yearsofbreedinginmorocco AT fgaboun geneticgainofgrainyieldandqualityinbreadwheatcultivarsrepresenting40yearsofbreedinginmorocco |