CO2 Induced Foaming Behavior of Polystyrene near the Glass Transition

This paper examines the effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide on the foaming process in polystyrene near the glass transition temperature and the foaming was studied using cylindrical high-pressure view cell with two optical windows. This technique has potential applications in the shape foaming of...

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Main Author: Salah Al-Enezi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2017-01-01
Series:International Journal of Polymer Science
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7804743
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author Salah Al-Enezi
author_facet Salah Al-Enezi
author_sort Salah Al-Enezi
collection DOAJ
description This paper examines the effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide on the foaming process in polystyrene near the glass transition temperature and the foaming was studied using cylindrical high-pressure view cell with two optical windows. This technique has potential applications in the shape foaming of polymers at lower temperatures, dye impregnation, and the foaming of polystyrene. Three sets of experiments were carried out at operating temperatures of 50, 70, and 100°C, each over a range of pressures from 24 to 120 bar. Foaming was not observed when the polymer was initially at conditions below Tg but was observed above Tg. The nucleation appeared to occur randomly leading to subsequent bubble growth from these sites, with maximum radius of 0.02–0.83 mm. Three models were applied on the foaming experimental data. Variable diffusivity and viscosity model (Model C) was applied to assess the experimental data with the WLF equation. The model shows very good agreement by using realistic parameter values. The expansion occurs by diffusion of a dissolved gas from the supersaturated polymer envelope into the bubble.
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spelling doaj-art-149b5e9dec6341069c83dfae16473d722025-08-20T02:02:02ZengWileyInternational Journal of Polymer Science1687-94221687-94302017-01-01201710.1155/2017/78047437804743CO2 Induced Foaming Behavior of Polystyrene near the Glass TransitionSalah Al-Enezi0Petroleum Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, KuwaitThis paper examines the effect of high-pressure carbon dioxide on the foaming process in polystyrene near the glass transition temperature and the foaming was studied using cylindrical high-pressure view cell with two optical windows. This technique has potential applications in the shape foaming of polymers at lower temperatures, dye impregnation, and the foaming of polystyrene. Three sets of experiments were carried out at operating temperatures of 50, 70, and 100°C, each over a range of pressures from 24 to 120 bar. Foaming was not observed when the polymer was initially at conditions below Tg but was observed above Tg. The nucleation appeared to occur randomly leading to subsequent bubble growth from these sites, with maximum radius of 0.02–0.83 mm. Three models were applied on the foaming experimental data. Variable diffusivity and viscosity model (Model C) was applied to assess the experimental data with the WLF equation. The model shows very good agreement by using realistic parameter values. The expansion occurs by diffusion of a dissolved gas from the supersaturated polymer envelope into the bubble.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7804743
spellingShingle Salah Al-Enezi
CO2 Induced Foaming Behavior of Polystyrene near the Glass Transition
International Journal of Polymer Science
title CO2 Induced Foaming Behavior of Polystyrene near the Glass Transition
title_full CO2 Induced Foaming Behavior of Polystyrene near the Glass Transition
title_fullStr CO2 Induced Foaming Behavior of Polystyrene near the Glass Transition
title_full_unstemmed CO2 Induced Foaming Behavior of Polystyrene near the Glass Transition
title_short CO2 Induced Foaming Behavior of Polystyrene near the Glass Transition
title_sort co2 induced foaming behavior of polystyrene near the glass transition
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7804743
work_keys_str_mv AT salahalenezi co2inducedfoamingbehaviorofpolystyreneneartheglasstransition