Offshore Network Development to Foster the Energy Transition
A growing interest in offshore wind energy in the Mediterranean Sea has been recently observed thanks to the potential for scale-up and recent advances in floating technologies and dynamic cables: in the Italian panorama, the offshore wind connection requests to the National Transmission Grid (NTG)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/386 |
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| _version_ | 1832588533310685184 |
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| author | Enrico Maria Carlini Corrado Gadaleta Michela Migliori Francesca Longobardi Gianfranco Luongo Stefano Lauria Marco Maccioni Jacopo Dell’Olmo |
| author_facet | Enrico Maria Carlini Corrado Gadaleta Michela Migliori Francesca Longobardi Gianfranco Luongo Stefano Lauria Marco Maccioni Jacopo Dell’Olmo |
| author_sort | Enrico Maria Carlini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A growing interest in offshore wind energy in the Mediterranean Sea has been recently observed thanks to the potential for scale-up and recent advances in floating technologies and dynamic cables: in the Italian panorama, the offshore wind connection requests to the National Transmission Grid (NTG) reached almost 84 GW at the end of September 2024. Starting from a realistic estimate of the offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) to be realized off the southern coasts in a very long-term scenario, this paper presents a novel optimization procedure for meshed AC offshore network configuration, aiming at minimizing the offshore wind generation curtailment based on the DC optimal power flow approximation, assessing the security condition of the whole onshore and offshore networks. The reactive power compensation aspects are also considered in the optimization procedure: the optimal compensation sizing for export cables and collecting stations is evaluated via the AC optimal power flow (OPF) approach, considering a combined voltage profile and minimum short circuit power constraint for the onshore extra-high voltage (EHV) nodes. The simulation results demonstrate that the obtained meshed network configuration and attendant re-active compensation allow most of the offshore wind generation to be evacuated even in the worst-case scenario, i.e., the <i>N</i>1 network, full offshore wind generation output, and summer line rating, testifying to the relevance of the proposed methodology for real applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-14928b12f0bf48898db6d594e41bde2b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-14928b12f0bf48898db6d594e41bde2b2025-01-24T13:31:18ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118238610.3390/en18020386Offshore Network Development to Foster the Energy TransitionEnrico Maria Carlini0Corrado Gadaleta1Michela Migliori2Francesca Longobardi3Gianfranco Luongo4Stefano Lauria5Marco Maccioni6Jacopo Dell’Olmo7Italian Transmission System Operator, Terna S.p.A., 00156 Rome, ItalyItalian Transmission System Operator, Terna S.p.A., 00156 Rome, ItalyItalian Transmission System Operator, Terna S.p.A., 00156 Rome, ItalyItalian Transmission System Operator, Terna S.p.A., 00156 Rome, ItalyItalian Transmission System Operator, Terna S.p.A., 00156 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Astronautics, Electrical and Energy Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Astronautics, Electrical and Energy Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Astronautics, Electrical and Energy Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, ItalyA growing interest in offshore wind energy in the Mediterranean Sea has been recently observed thanks to the potential for scale-up and recent advances in floating technologies and dynamic cables: in the Italian panorama, the offshore wind connection requests to the National Transmission Grid (NTG) reached almost 84 GW at the end of September 2024. Starting from a realistic estimate of the offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) to be realized off the southern coasts in a very long-term scenario, this paper presents a novel optimization procedure for meshed AC offshore network configuration, aiming at minimizing the offshore wind generation curtailment based on the DC optimal power flow approximation, assessing the security condition of the whole onshore and offshore networks. The reactive power compensation aspects are also considered in the optimization procedure: the optimal compensation sizing for export cables and collecting stations is evaluated via the AC optimal power flow (OPF) approach, considering a combined voltage profile and minimum short circuit power constraint for the onshore extra-high voltage (EHV) nodes. The simulation results demonstrate that the obtained meshed network configuration and attendant re-active compensation allow most of the offshore wind generation to be evacuated even in the worst-case scenario, i.e., the <i>N</i>1 network, full offshore wind generation output, and summer line rating, testifying to the relevance of the proposed methodology for real applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/386offshore transmission networksoffshore wind generationpower system planningoptimization modelPTDF matrixreactive power compensation |
| spellingShingle | Enrico Maria Carlini Corrado Gadaleta Michela Migliori Francesca Longobardi Gianfranco Luongo Stefano Lauria Marco Maccioni Jacopo Dell’Olmo Offshore Network Development to Foster the Energy Transition Energies offshore transmission networks offshore wind generation power system planning optimization model PTDF matrix reactive power compensation |
| title | Offshore Network Development to Foster the Energy Transition |
| title_full | Offshore Network Development to Foster the Energy Transition |
| title_fullStr | Offshore Network Development to Foster the Energy Transition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Offshore Network Development to Foster the Energy Transition |
| title_short | Offshore Network Development to Foster the Energy Transition |
| title_sort | offshore network development to foster the energy transition |
| topic | offshore transmission networks offshore wind generation power system planning optimization model PTDF matrix reactive power compensation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/386 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT enricomariacarlini offshorenetworkdevelopmenttofostertheenergytransition AT corradogadaleta offshorenetworkdevelopmenttofostertheenergytransition AT michelamigliori offshorenetworkdevelopmenttofostertheenergytransition AT francescalongobardi offshorenetworkdevelopmenttofostertheenergytransition AT gianfrancoluongo offshorenetworkdevelopmenttofostertheenergytransition AT stefanolauria offshorenetworkdevelopmenttofostertheenergytransition AT marcomaccioni offshorenetworkdevelopmenttofostertheenergytransition AT jacopodellolmo offshorenetworkdevelopmenttofostertheenergytransition |