Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies
The recent report of the first fatality associated with infection by influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, identified as genotype D1.1, which is distinct from the B3.13 genotype, has sparked fears of a potential human pandemic. However, the genetic relationships between B3.13 and D1.1, as well as the...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Current Research in Microbial Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000392 |
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| author | Guangxu Zhang Yuren Shi Haoyu Ge Yuanzhou Wang Lu Lu Shibo Jiang Qian Wang |
| author_facet | Guangxu Zhang Yuren Shi Haoyu Ge Yuanzhou Wang Lu Lu Shibo Jiang Qian Wang |
| author_sort | Guangxu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The recent report of the first fatality associated with infection by influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, identified as genotype D1.1, which is distinct from the B3.13 genotype, has sparked fears of a potential human pandemic. However, the genetic relationships between B3.13 and D1.1, as well as their origins, host adaptability, and antiviral resistance, remain poorly understood. Here we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic and comparative analysis of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b across multiple species, in order to identify the molecular characteristics and frequency of resistance mutations in these two genotypes, elucidate their evolutionary trajectories, and assess their implications for public health. Our results demonstrate that B3.13 exhibits mammalian adaptability, while D1.1 retains avian adaptability. Importantly, both genotypes display limited occurrences of human-like signatures, which can help alleviate public anxiety. Additionally, the emergence of the resistance mutations in the clade 2.3.4.4b on the binding sites of antivirals calls for the development of multi-target antiviral strategies to mitigate the risk of resistant strain reassortment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-148ee5e8289345efad44b713634fd30f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-5174 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Research in Microbial Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-148ee5e8289345efad44b713634fd30f2025-08-20T03:46:41ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Microbial Sciences2666-51742025-01-01810037710.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100377Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategiesGuangxu Zhang0Yuren Shi1Haoyu Ge2Yuanzhou Wang3Lu Lu4Shibo Jiang5Qian Wang6Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaCorresponding authors.; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaCorresponding authors.; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaCorresponding authors.; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaThe recent report of the first fatality associated with infection by influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, identified as genotype D1.1, which is distinct from the B3.13 genotype, has sparked fears of a potential human pandemic. However, the genetic relationships between B3.13 and D1.1, as well as their origins, host adaptability, and antiviral resistance, remain poorly understood. Here we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic and comparative analysis of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b across multiple species, in order to identify the molecular characteristics and frequency of resistance mutations in these two genotypes, elucidate their evolutionary trajectories, and assess their implications for public health. Our results demonstrate that B3.13 exhibits mammalian adaptability, while D1.1 retains avian adaptability. Importantly, both genotypes display limited occurrences of human-like signatures, which can help alleviate public anxiety. Additionally, the emergence of the resistance mutations in the clade 2.3.4.4b on the binding sites of antivirals calls for the development of multi-target antiviral strategies to mitigate the risk of resistant strain reassortment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000392Influenza virusH5N1 clade 2.3.4.4bGenomic signatureCross-species substitutionAntiviral resistance mutation |
| spellingShingle | Guangxu Zhang Yuren Shi Haoyu Ge Yuanzhou Wang Lu Lu Shibo Jiang Qian Wang Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies Current Research in Microbial Sciences Influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b Genomic signature Cross-species substitution Antiviral resistance mutation |
| title | Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies |
| title_full | Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies |
| title_fullStr | Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies |
| title_short | Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies |
| title_sort | genomic signatures and host adaptation of h5n1 clade 2 3 4 4b a call for global surveillance and multi target antiviral strategies |
| topic | Influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b Genomic signature Cross-species substitution Antiviral resistance mutation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000392 |
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