Facts and Fallacies of the Fluoride Controversy: A Contemporary Perspective

Fluoride is a natural element recognized for its dental benefits. Fluoride prevents caries due to its antimicrobial activity, enhancing enamel resistance and promoting remineralization After decades of fluoridation of municipal water supplies to reduce dental caries, an intense debate has resurfaced...

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Main Authors: Lakshman Samaranayake, Thantrira Porntaveetus, James Tsoi, Nozimjon Tuygunov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:International Dental Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653925001224
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author Lakshman Samaranayake
Thantrira Porntaveetus
James Tsoi
Nozimjon Tuygunov
author_facet Lakshman Samaranayake
Thantrira Porntaveetus
James Tsoi
Nozimjon Tuygunov
author_sort Lakshman Samaranayake
collection DOAJ
description Fluoride is a natural element recognized for its dental benefits. Fluoride prevents caries due to its antimicrobial activity, enhancing enamel resistance and promoting remineralization After decades of fluoridation of municipal water supplies to reduce dental caries, an intense debate has resurfaced regarding water fluoridation as a public health strategy to combat caries. This renewed discourse occurs against the backdrop of extensive data that clearly demonstrate the vital role of fluoride in caries prevention. Indeed, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention has stated water fluoridation as one of the top ten public health interventions in the twentieth century. The FDI World Dental Federation also advocates systemic fluoride use as a cost-effective caries prevention strategy, and supports its inclusion in public health policies through a number of policy directives. This debate in the US has intensified as a Court concluded that water fluoridation poses unreasonable risks such as reduction of the intelligence quotient (IQ) in children. Additionally, recent statements from the leadership of the US Health and Human Services agency suggest that water fluoridation may cause more harm than good leading some states, like Utah, to revoke fluoridation mandates This article aims to provide a contemporary perspective on fluoride by revisiting its benefits, controversies, and potential risks. It highlights the dual role of fluoride in both individual oral care and public health and underscores the necessity for safe, equitable, and effective delivery strategies tailored to the needs of diverse populations, balancing its preventive advantages with potential health concerns. The review culminates with a summary of policy statements from the FDI World Dental Federation regarding the promotion of oral health through both systemic and topical fluoridation.
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spelling doaj-art-148d6e03099a4643845efea198264c652025-08-20T03:27:24ZengElsevierInternational Dental Journal0020-65392025-08-0175410083310.1016/j.identj.2025.04.013Facts and Fallacies of the Fluoride Controversy: A Contemporary PerspectiveLakshman Samaranayake0Thantrira Porntaveetus1James Tsoi2Nozimjon Tuygunov3Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health, Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Program, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong; Corresponding author. Dr Lakshman Samaranayake, Faculty of Dentistry, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health, Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Program, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandFaculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong KongFaculty of Dentistry, Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Corresponding author. Dr Nozimjon Tuygunov, Faculty of Dentistry, Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Shota Rustaveli street 156, 100121, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.Fluoride is a natural element recognized for its dental benefits. Fluoride prevents caries due to its antimicrobial activity, enhancing enamel resistance and promoting remineralization After decades of fluoridation of municipal water supplies to reduce dental caries, an intense debate has resurfaced regarding water fluoridation as a public health strategy to combat caries. This renewed discourse occurs against the backdrop of extensive data that clearly demonstrate the vital role of fluoride in caries prevention. Indeed, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention has stated water fluoridation as one of the top ten public health interventions in the twentieth century. The FDI World Dental Federation also advocates systemic fluoride use as a cost-effective caries prevention strategy, and supports its inclusion in public health policies through a number of policy directives. This debate in the US has intensified as a Court concluded that water fluoridation poses unreasonable risks such as reduction of the intelligence quotient (IQ) in children. Additionally, recent statements from the leadership of the US Health and Human Services agency suggest that water fluoridation may cause more harm than good leading some states, like Utah, to revoke fluoridation mandates This article aims to provide a contemporary perspective on fluoride by revisiting its benefits, controversies, and potential risks. It highlights the dual role of fluoride in both individual oral care and public health and underscores the necessity for safe, equitable, and effective delivery strategies tailored to the needs of diverse populations, balancing its preventive advantages with potential health concerns. The review culminates with a summary of policy statements from the FDI World Dental Federation regarding the promotion of oral health through both systemic and topical fluoridation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653925001224Fluoridedental carieshealthcarewater fluoridationtopical fluoridefluoride toxicity
spellingShingle Lakshman Samaranayake
Thantrira Porntaveetus
James Tsoi
Nozimjon Tuygunov
Facts and Fallacies of the Fluoride Controversy: A Contemporary Perspective
International Dental Journal
Fluoride
dental caries
healthcare
water fluoridation
topical fluoride
fluoride toxicity
title Facts and Fallacies of the Fluoride Controversy: A Contemporary Perspective
title_full Facts and Fallacies of the Fluoride Controversy: A Contemporary Perspective
title_fullStr Facts and Fallacies of the Fluoride Controversy: A Contemporary Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Facts and Fallacies of the Fluoride Controversy: A Contemporary Perspective
title_short Facts and Fallacies of the Fluoride Controversy: A Contemporary Perspective
title_sort facts and fallacies of the fluoride controversy a contemporary perspective
topic Fluoride
dental caries
healthcare
water fluoridation
topical fluoride
fluoride toxicity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020653925001224
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AT jamestsoi factsandfallaciesofthefluoridecontroversyacontemporaryperspective
AT nozimjontuygunov factsandfallaciesofthefluoridecontroversyacontemporaryperspective