A Ka-Band Modular Dual Switchable Circularly Polarized Phased Array Transmitter for LEO Satellite Communications

This article presents a scalable Ka-band phased array transmitter designed for the upload channel of terrestrial mobile transceivers in satellite communications (SATCOM, 27.5–30.0 GHz). The transmitter consists of a 16-channel active phased array system with digitally switchable circular...

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Main Authors: Amelia Ramos, Raul Arruela, Bernardo Lopes, Tiago Varum, Ricardo Correia, Joao N. Matos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104255/
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author Amelia Ramos
Raul Arruela
Bernardo Lopes
Tiago Varum
Ricardo Correia
Joao N. Matos
author_facet Amelia Ramos
Raul Arruela
Bernardo Lopes
Tiago Varum
Ricardo Correia
Joao N. Matos
author_sort Amelia Ramos
collection DOAJ
description This article presents a scalable Ka-band phased array transmitter designed for the upload channel of terrestrial mobile transceivers in satellite communications (SATCOM, 27.5&#x2013;30.0 GHz). The transmitter consists of a 16-channel active phased array system with digitally switchable circular polarization, enabling seamless alternation between right-hand (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). A linearly polarized patch antenna is utilized, achieving circular polarization through the sequential rotation technique. By integrating the radiating element within a modular multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) and employing a superheterodyne architecture, the system supports full digital beamforming in a compact, scalable design. The array achieves a scan range of &#x00B1;50&#x00B0; with a scan loss of approximately 2 dB in both principal planes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi = 0^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi = 90^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and maintains a roll-off factor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${cos}^{1.03}(\theta)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The operational bandwidth of 15.4% (26.99 - 31.49 GHz) is accompanied by an axial ratio with great polarization purity across the scanning range. These features, combined with a thermal management strategy, highlight the system&#x2019;s innovation as a high-performance, adaptable solution for next-generation SATCOM applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-148cf22dfce549d6bb9b88c28f3bf58b
institution Kabale University
issn 2169-3536
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-148cf22dfce549d6bb9b88c28f3bf58b2025-08-20T03:40:11ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011313551513552610.1109/ACCESS.2025.359395411104255A Ka-Band Modular Dual Switchable Circularly Polarized Phased Array Transmitter for LEO Satellite CommunicationsAmelia Ramos0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4345-4702Raul Arruela1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1261-8185Bernardo Lopes2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-3429Tiago Varum3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-9110Ricardo Correia4Joao N. Matos5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-1028Instituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Aveiro, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Aveiro, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Aveiro, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Aveiro, PortugalSinuta S.A., Estarreja, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Aveiro, PortugalThis article presents a scalable Ka-band phased array transmitter designed for the upload channel of terrestrial mobile transceivers in satellite communications (SATCOM, 27.5&#x2013;30.0 GHz). The transmitter consists of a 16-channel active phased array system with digitally switchable circular polarization, enabling seamless alternation between right-hand (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). A linearly polarized patch antenna is utilized, achieving circular polarization through the sequential rotation technique. By integrating the radiating element within a modular multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) and employing a superheterodyne architecture, the system supports full digital beamforming in a compact, scalable design. The array achieves a scan range of &#x00B1;50&#x00B0; with a scan loss of approximately 2 dB in both principal planes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi = 0^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi = 90^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and maintains a roll-off factor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${cos}^{1.03}(\theta)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The operational bandwidth of 15.4% (26.99 - 31.49 GHz) is accompanied by an axial ratio with great polarization purity across the scanning range. These features, combined with a thermal management strategy, highlight the system&#x2019;s innovation as a high-performance, adaptable solution for next-generation SATCOM applications.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104255/Phased-arrayLEO communicationssatellite communicationsKa-bandbeamforming
spellingShingle Amelia Ramos
Raul Arruela
Bernardo Lopes
Tiago Varum
Ricardo Correia
Joao N. Matos
A Ka-Band Modular Dual Switchable Circularly Polarized Phased Array Transmitter for LEO Satellite Communications
IEEE Access
Phased-array
LEO communications
satellite communications
Ka-band
beamforming
title A Ka-Band Modular Dual Switchable Circularly Polarized Phased Array Transmitter for LEO Satellite Communications
title_full A Ka-Band Modular Dual Switchable Circularly Polarized Phased Array Transmitter for LEO Satellite Communications
title_fullStr A Ka-Band Modular Dual Switchable Circularly Polarized Phased Array Transmitter for LEO Satellite Communications
title_full_unstemmed A Ka-Band Modular Dual Switchable Circularly Polarized Phased Array Transmitter for LEO Satellite Communications
title_short A Ka-Band Modular Dual Switchable Circularly Polarized Phased Array Transmitter for LEO Satellite Communications
title_sort ka band modular dual switchable circularly polarized phased array transmitter for leo satellite communications
topic Phased-array
LEO communications
satellite communications
Ka-band
beamforming
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104255/
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