Severe methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients under diuretics

Objectives To explore the toxicity of low-dose methotrexate (MTX), an uncommon, but life-threatening event.Methods We analysed the presentation, course and risk factors of all patients admitted to the rheumatology ward with severe low-dose MTX toxicity. These patients were compared with patients wit...

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Main Authors: Martin Aringer, Nicolai Leuchten, Kristine Herrmann, Cara Kumar, Matthias Kuhn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-02-01
Series:RMD Open
Online Access:https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/10/1/e003827.full
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author Martin Aringer
Nicolai Leuchten
Kristine Herrmann
Cara Kumar
Matthias Kuhn
author_facet Martin Aringer
Nicolai Leuchten
Kristine Herrmann
Cara Kumar
Matthias Kuhn
author_sort Martin Aringer
collection DOAJ
description Objectives To explore the toxicity of low-dose methotrexate (MTX), an uncommon, but life-threatening event.Methods We analysed the presentation, course and risk factors of all patients admitted to the rheumatology ward with severe low-dose MTX toxicity. These patients were compared with patients without signs of relevant MTX toxicity.Results The 12 patients admitted for MTX toxicity included 7 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 2 with psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis, 2 patients with giant cell arteritis and 1 with myositis. 1 patient died from infections, while 11 survived under folinic acid administration. All patients suffering from severe MTX toxicity were older than 70 years and were therefore compared with 400 patients who were also older than 70 years, but without MTX toxicity. Of these 400 control patients, the group of patients not on MTX (n=232) had more renal impairment than the group of patients on MTX (n=168). Compared with the 168 MTX-treated patients without toxicity, the 12 patients with life-threatening toxic events had a lower median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the routine visit preceding the acute event (64 (range 32–77) vs 69 (range 8 to >90) mL/min x 1.73, p=0.0251). A multivariate analysis found that patients with toxicity were more frequently treated with diuretics (6/12 vs 24/168), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs; 10/12 vs 70/168) and levetiracetam (2/12 vs 1/168).Conclusions Patients older than 70 years with lower eGFR and being on diuretics, but also on PPIs and levetiracetam, have a significantly higher risk for MTX toxicity.
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spelling doaj-art-148cd26e87cb46b2af0c0a60dcd22c582025-08-20T01:47:28ZengBMJ Publishing GroupRMD Open2056-59332024-02-0110110.1136/rmdopen-2023-003827Severe methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients under diureticsMartin Aringer0Nicolai Leuchten1Kristine Herrmann2Cara Kumar3Matthias Kuhn4Department of Medicine III and interdisciplinary University Centre for Autoimmune and Rheumatic Entities (UCARE), University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany1 Medicine III, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, GermanyDepartment of Medicine III and interdisciplinary University Centre for Autoimmune and Rheumatic Entities (UCARE), University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, GermanyDepartment of Medicine III and interdisciplinary University Centre for Autoimmune and Rheumatic Entities (UCARE), University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, GermanyInstitute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), TU Dresden Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, GermanyObjectives To explore the toxicity of low-dose methotrexate (MTX), an uncommon, but life-threatening event.Methods We analysed the presentation, course and risk factors of all patients admitted to the rheumatology ward with severe low-dose MTX toxicity. These patients were compared with patients without signs of relevant MTX toxicity.Results The 12 patients admitted for MTX toxicity included 7 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 2 with psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis, 2 patients with giant cell arteritis and 1 with myositis. 1 patient died from infections, while 11 survived under folinic acid administration. All patients suffering from severe MTX toxicity were older than 70 years and were therefore compared with 400 patients who were also older than 70 years, but without MTX toxicity. Of these 400 control patients, the group of patients not on MTX (n=232) had more renal impairment than the group of patients on MTX (n=168). Compared with the 168 MTX-treated patients without toxicity, the 12 patients with life-threatening toxic events had a lower median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the routine visit preceding the acute event (64 (range 32–77) vs 69 (range 8 to >90) mL/min x 1.73, p=0.0251). A multivariate analysis found that patients with toxicity were more frequently treated with diuretics (6/12 vs 24/168), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs; 10/12 vs 70/168) and levetiracetam (2/12 vs 1/168).Conclusions Patients older than 70 years with lower eGFR and being on diuretics, but also on PPIs and levetiracetam, have a significantly higher risk for MTX toxicity.https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/10/1/e003827.full
spellingShingle Martin Aringer
Nicolai Leuchten
Kristine Herrmann
Cara Kumar
Matthias Kuhn
Severe methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients under diuretics
RMD Open
title Severe methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients under diuretics
title_full Severe methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients under diuretics
title_fullStr Severe methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients under diuretics
title_full_unstemmed Severe methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients under diuretics
title_short Severe methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients under diuretics
title_sort severe methotrexate toxicity in elderly patients under diuretics
url https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/10/1/e003827.full
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AT carakumar severemethotrexatetoxicityinelderlypatientsunderdiuretics
AT matthiaskuhn severemethotrexatetoxicityinelderlypatientsunderdiuretics