Estimating railway track curvature using gyroscope and GPS sensors

Abstract The horizontal curvature of railway tracks plays a significant role in vehicle‒track dynamics, and accurate knowledge of the track curvature is essential for vehicle operators to fully understand the running behavior of vehicles. However, it is generally difficult for wagon operators or res...

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Main Authors: Yichang Zhou, Yifan Yang, Zunsong Ren, Markus Hecht
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91255-x
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author Yichang Zhou
Yifan Yang
Zunsong Ren
Markus Hecht
author_facet Yichang Zhou
Yifan Yang
Zunsong Ren
Markus Hecht
author_sort Yichang Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The horizontal curvature of railway tracks plays a significant role in vehicle‒track dynamics, and accurate knowledge of the track curvature is essential for vehicle operators to fully understand the running behavior of vehicles. However, it is generally difficult for wagon operators or researchers to obtain track geometry information due to confidential reasons. Using sensors installed on wagons is an alternative to estimate the track curvature. This paper proposes and compares two methods for estimating the track curvature: the gyro method and the GPS method. The gyro method calculates the curvature by analyzing the car body’s yaw rate relative to its running velocity, while the GPS method utilizes the two-dimensional (2D) trajectory of the vehicle. First, a multibody system (MBS) simulation including a three-wagon train passing through a curve with a radius of 300 m is conducted, and it aims to study the influence of measured positions on the car-body and longitudinal compressive forces (LCFs) on the gyro method. A theoretical analysis of the GPS method highlights the significance of sampling distance and signal precision on the accuracy of curvature estimation. Secondly, an experimental study by installing a gyroscope sensor, a GPS sensor, and several accelerometers on a wagon is performed to compare the effectiveness of these two methods. The results that both methods can be used to estimate the track curvature and the gyro method has an obvious advantage when estimating the running curvature in complex track sections with many crossovers and parallel lines. Additionally, two applications are demonstrated: one involves utilizing the gyroscope and GPS sensors to determine the real running trajectory of the train, while the other integrates accelerometers to monitor the wheel‒rail interaction during a long journey.
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spelling doaj-art-1481a28fbef44afa8f86fa8d4c8350952025-08-20T02:59:22ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-91255-xEstimating railway track curvature using gyroscope and GPS sensorsYichang Zhou0Yifan Yang1Zunsong Ren2Markus Hecht3School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong UniversityInstitute of Land and Sea Transport Systems, Technische Universität BerlinSchool of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong UniversityInstitute of Land and Sea Transport Systems, Technische Universität BerlinAbstract The horizontal curvature of railway tracks plays a significant role in vehicle‒track dynamics, and accurate knowledge of the track curvature is essential for vehicle operators to fully understand the running behavior of vehicles. However, it is generally difficult for wagon operators or researchers to obtain track geometry information due to confidential reasons. Using sensors installed on wagons is an alternative to estimate the track curvature. This paper proposes and compares two methods for estimating the track curvature: the gyro method and the GPS method. The gyro method calculates the curvature by analyzing the car body’s yaw rate relative to its running velocity, while the GPS method utilizes the two-dimensional (2D) trajectory of the vehicle. First, a multibody system (MBS) simulation including a three-wagon train passing through a curve with a radius of 300 m is conducted, and it aims to study the influence of measured positions on the car-body and longitudinal compressive forces (LCFs) on the gyro method. A theoretical analysis of the GPS method highlights the significance of sampling distance and signal precision on the accuracy of curvature estimation. Secondly, an experimental study by installing a gyroscope sensor, a GPS sensor, and several accelerometers on a wagon is performed to compare the effectiveness of these two methods. The results that both methods can be used to estimate the track curvature and the gyro method has an obvious advantage when estimating the running curvature in complex track sections with many crossovers and parallel lines. Additionally, two applications are demonstrated: one involves utilizing the gyroscope and GPS sensors to determine the real running trajectory of the train, while the other integrates accelerometers to monitor the wheel‒rail interaction during a long journey.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91255-xTrack curvature estimationGyroscope and GPS sensorsCar-body’s yaw rateField experimentWheel‒rail interaction monitoring
spellingShingle Yichang Zhou
Yifan Yang
Zunsong Ren
Markus Hecht
Estimating railway track curvature using gyroscope and GPS sensors
Scientific Reports
Track curvature estimation
Gyroscope and GPS sensors
Car-body’s yaw rate
Field experiment
Wheel‒rail interaction monitoring
title Estimating railway track curvature using gyroscope and GPS sensors
title_full Estimating railway track curvature using gyroscope and GPS sensors
title_fullStr Estimating railway track curvature using gyroscope and GPS sensors
title_full_unstemmed Estimating railway track curvature using gyroscope and GPS sensors
title_short Estimating railway track curvature using gyroscope and GPS sensors
title_sort estimating railway track curvature using gyroscope and gps sensors
topic Track curvature estimation
Gyroscope and GPS sensors
Car-body’s yaw rate
Field experiment
Wheel‒rail interaction monitoring
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91255-x
work_keys_str_mv AT yichangzhou estimatingrailwaytrackcurvatureusinggyroscopeandgpssensors
AT yifanyang estimatingrailwaytrackcurvatureusinggyroscopeandgpssensors
AT zunsongren estimatingrailwaytrackcurvatureusinggyroscopeandgpssensors
AT markushecht estimatingrailwaytrackcurvatureusinggyroscopeandgpssensors