Solanum trilobatum leaf extract-derived silver nanoparticles downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuate oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation

Introduction: Oral cancer’s aggressive nature poses a significant health risk, demanding timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Despite progress in conventional therapies like chemotherapy and surgery, their limitations drive the exploration of alternative strategies. This study assessed Solanum...

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Main Authors: Anuradha Ganesan, Gautham Kumar N, Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 2024-04-01
Series:Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://herbmedpharmacol.com/PDF/jhp-13-300.pdf
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author Anuradha Ganesan
Gautham Kumar N
Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
author_facet Anuradha Ganesan
Gautham Kumar N
Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
author_sort Anuradha Ganesan
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Oral cancer’s aggressive nature poses a significant health risk, demanding timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Despite progress in conventional therapies like chemotherapy and surgery, their limitations drive the exploration of alternative strategies. This study assessed Solanum trilobatum-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in impacting cancer cell cycles, inducing apoptosis, and modulating key pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, leveraging phytotherapy and nanotechnology—a promising frontier in cancer treatment. Methods: AgNPs were synthesized through the reduction of ions and stabilized using aqueous leaf extracts of S. trilobatum. After the characterization of AgNPs, the mRNA Gene Expression and mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs) were assessed. DNA fragmentation was done and DNA pattern by gel documentation system was observed. The study also assessed the modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade, impacting tumor growth and proliferation. Results: Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry (UVvis), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. DNA fragmentation exhibited a typical ladder pattern. Dose-dependent changes in MMP were observed in the treated oral cancer cells. The effect of S. trilobatum-derived AgNPs in targeting the cell signaling pathway correlated significantly with their anticancer potency (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study reveals S. trilobatum leaf extract-based AgNPs as a natural cytostatic agent against oral squamous carcinoma. Utilizing nature’s resources and nanoscale science, they hold promise for enhancing oral cancer treatment outcomes and survival rates.
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spelling doaj-art-1469803a061544a18e45bb3cf8a8ef572025-08-20T02:51:32ZengShahrekord University of Medical SciencesJournal of HerbMed Pharmacology2345-50042024-04-0113230030710.34172/jhp.2024.49406jhp-49406Solanum trilobatum leaf extract-derived silver nanoparticles downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuate oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferationAnuradha Ganesan0Gautham Kumar N1Prabhu Manickam Natarajan2Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Chennai-89, IndiaDepartment of Periodontics, Madha Dental College & Hospital, Kundrathur, Chennai-69, IndiaDepartment of Periodontics College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAEIntroduction: Oral cancer’s aggressive nature poses a significant health risk, demanding timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Despite progress in conventional therapies like chemotherapy and surgery, their limitations drive the exploration of alternative strategies. This study assessed Solanum trilobatum-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in impacting cancer cell cycles, inducing apoptosis, and modulating key pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, leveraging phytotherapy and nanotechnology—a promising frontier in cancer treatment. Methods: AgNPs were synthesized through the reduction of ions and stabilized using aqueous leaf extracts of S. trilobatum. After the characterization of AgNPs, the mRNA Gene Expression and mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs) were assessed. DNA fragmentation was done and DNA pattern by gel documentation system was observed. The study also assessed the modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade, impacting tumor growth and proliferation. Results: Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry (UVvis), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. DNA fragmentation exhibited a typical ladder pattern. Dose-dependent changes in MMP were observed in the treated oral cancer cells. The effect of S. trilobatum-derived AgNPs in targeting the cell signaling pathway correlated significantly with their anticancer potency (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study reveals S. trilobatum leaf extract-based AgNPs as a natural cytostatic agent against oral squamous carcinoma. Utilizing nature’s resources and nanoscale science, they hold promise for enhancing oral cancer treatment outcomes and survival rates.https://herbmedpharmacol.com/PDF/jhp-13-300.pdfnanoparticlesplant extractsphytotherapydna fragmentationphosphoinositide 3-kinase
spellingShingle Anuradha Ganesan
Gautham Kumar N
Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
Solanum trilobatum leaf extract-derived silver nanoparticles downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuate oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation
Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology
nanoparticles
plant extracts
phytotherapy
dna fragmentation
phosphoinositide 3-kinase
title Solanum trilobatum leaf extract-derived silver nanoparticles downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuate oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation
title_full Solanum trilobatum leaf extract-derived silver nanoparticles downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuate oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation
title_fullStr Solanum trilobatum leaf extract-derived silver nanoparticles downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuate oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation
title_full_unstemmed Solanum trilobatum leaf extract-derived silver nanoparticles downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuate oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation
title_short Solanum trilobatum leaf extract-derived silver nanoparticles downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and attenuate oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation
title_sort solanum trilobatum leaf extract derived silver nanoparticles downregulate the pi3k akt mtor signaling pathway and attenuate oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation
topic nanoparticles
plant extracts
phytotherapy
dna fragmentation
phosphoinositide 3-kinase
url https://herbmedpharmacol.com/PDF/jhp-13-300.pdf
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