Zoonotic Foodborne Infections in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Infection in Northern Portugal in 2010–2020

This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of <i>Campylobacter</i> sp. and <i>Salmonella</i> sp. infections in a tertiary hospital in Northern Portugal (2010–2020) and identify factors associated with reporting, invasive disease, and...

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Main Authors: Maria Inês Matos, Rafael Rocha, João Pinto, André Guimarães, Rita Lino, Maria Helena Rocha, Marta Patacho, Raquel Duro, Lurdes Santos, Jorge Almeida
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Microbiology Research
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/29
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author Maria Inês Matos
Rafael Rocha
João Pinto
André Guimarães
Rita Lino
Maria Helena Rocha
Marta Patacho
Raquel Duro
Lurdes Santos
Jorge Almeida
author_facet Maria Inês Matos
Rafael Rocha
João Pinto
André Guimarães
Rita Lino
Maria Helena Rocha
Marta Patacho
Raquel Duro
Lurdes Santos
Jorge Almeida
author_sort Maria Inês Matos
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of <i>Campylobacter</i> sp. and <i>Salmonella</i> sp. infections in a tertiary hospital in Northern Portugal (2010–2020) and identify factors associated with reporting, invasive disease, and hospitalization. A retrospective review included patients with <i>Campylobacter</i> sp. (2015–2020) or <i>Salmonella</i> sp. infections (2010–2020). Reported cases were cross-referenced with the National Epidemiological Surveillance System. A total of 742 patients were included: 342 with <i>Campylobacter</i> sp., 392 with non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS), and 15 with typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (TS). Immunosuppression was present in 16.7% of cases. NTS infections were invasive in 21.4% of cases, compared to 4.0% for <i>Campylobacter</i>. Macrolide resistance in <i>Campylobacter</i> reached 10%, particularly in <i>C. coli</i>, while multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 37.8% of NTS isolates. Immunocompromised patients accounted for over 70% of relapses in <i>Campylobacter</i> disease. Reporting rates were low: 32.8% for NTS, 30.6% for <i>Campylobacter</i>, and 14.3% for TS. Reporting was associated with male sex, no immunosuppression, hospitalization, and non-MDR organisms. In conclusion, immunocompromised patients face higher risks of invasive and relapsing disease. High rates of MDR in NTS limit treatment options. Underreporting remains significant, underscoring the need for improved awareness and reporting to inform public health strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-145751ae3e9e42f499e089a04052f2d52025-08-20T02:44:50ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-01-011622910.3390/microbiolres16020029Zoonotic Foodborne Infections in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Infection in Northern Portugal in 2010–2020Maria Inês Matos0Rafael Rocha1João Pinto2André Guimarães3Rita Lino4Maria Helena Rocha5Marta Patacho6Raquel Duro7Lurdes Santos8Jorge Almeida9Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalClinical Pathology Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalInternal Medicine Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalInternal Medicine Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital Padre Américo, Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa, Avenida do Hospital Padre Américo 210, 4564-007 Penafiel, PortugalInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalInternal Medicine Department, Hospital de São João, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, 4200-319 Porto, PortugalThis study aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management of <i>Campylobacter</i> sp. and <i>Salmonella</i> sp. infections in a tertiary hospital in Northern Portugal (2010–2020) and identify factors associated with reporting, invasive disease, and hospitalization. A retrospective review included patients with <i>Campylobacter</i> sp. (2015–2020) or <i>Salmonella</i> sp. infections (2010–2020). Reported cases were cross-referenced with the National Epidemiological Surveillance System. A total of 742 patients were included: 342 with <i>Campylobacter</i> sp., 392 with non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS), and 15 with typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (TS). Immunosuppression was present in 16.7% of cases. NTS infections were invasive in 21.4% of cases, compared to 4.0% for <i>Campylobacter</i>. Macrolide resistance in <i>Campylobacter</i> reached 10%, particularly in <i>C. coli</i>, while multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 37.8% of NTS isolates. Immunocompromised patients accounted for over 70% of relapses in <i>Campylobacter</i> disease. Reporting rates were low: 32.8% for NTS, 30.6% for <i>Campylobacter</i>, and 14.3% for TS. Reporting was associated with male sex, no immunosuppression, hospitalization, and non-MDR organisms. In conclusion, immunocompromised patients face higher risks of invasive and relapsing disease. High rates of MDR in NTS limit treatment options. Underreporting remains significant, underscoring the need for improved awareness and reporting to inform public health strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/29<i>Salmonella</i><i>Campylobacter</i>hospitalPortugalinvasive diseaseimmunosuppression
spellingShingle Maria Inês Matos
Rafael Rocha
João Pinto
André Guimarães
Rita Lino
Maria Helena Rocha
Marta Patacho
Raquel Duro
Lurdes Santos
Jorge Almeida
Zoonotic Foodborne Infections in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Infection in Northern Portugal in 2010–2020
Microbiology Research
<i>Salmonella</i>
<i>Campylobacter</i>
hospital
Portugal
invasive disease
immunosuppression
title Zoonotic Foodborne Infections in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Infection in Northern Portugal in 2010–2020
title_full Zoonotic Foodborne Infections in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Infection in Northern Portugal in 2010–2020
title_fullStr Zoonotic Foodborne Infections in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Infection in Northern Portugal in 2010–2020
title_full_unstemmed Zoonotic Foodborne Infections in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Infection in Northern Portugal in 2010–2020
title_short Zoonotic Foodborne Infections in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Infection in Northern Portugal in 2010–2020
title_sort zoonotic foodborne infections in a tertiary healthcare setting clinical and epidemiological aspects of i campylobacter i and i salmonella i infection in northern portugal in 2010 2020
topic <i>Salmonella</i>
<i>Campylobacter</i>
hospital
Portugal
invasive disease
immunosuppression
url https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/29
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