Research on Task Complexity Measurements in Human—Computer Interaction in Nuclear Power Plant DCS Systems Based on Emergency Operating Procedures

Within the scope of digital transformation in nuclear power plants (NPPs), task complexity in human–computer interaction (HCI) has become a critical factor affecting the safe and stable operation of NPPs. This study systematically reviews and analyzes existing complexity sources and assessment metho...

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Main Authors: Ensheng Pang, Licao Dai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Entropy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/6/600
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author Ensheng Pang
Licao Dai
author_facet Ensheng Pang
Licao Dai
author_sort Ensheng Pang
collection DOAJ
description Within the scope of digital transformation in nuclear power plants (NPPs), task complexity in human–computer interaction (HCI) has become a critical factor affecting the safe and stable operation of NPPs. This study systematically reviews and analyzes existing complexity sources and assessment methods and suggests that complexity is primarily driven by core factors such as the quantity of, variety of, and relationships between elements. By innovatively introducing Halstead’s <i>E</i> measure, this study constructs a quantitative model of dynamic task execution complexity (TEC), addressing the limitations of traditional entropy-based metrics in analyzing interactive processes. By combining entropy metrics and the <i>E</i> measure, a task complexity quantification framework is established, encompassing both the task execution and intrinsic dimensions. Specifically, Halstead’s <i>E</i> measure focuses on analyzing operators and operands, defining interaction symbols between humans and interfaces to quantify task execution complexity (TEC). Entropy metrics, on the other hand, measure task logical complexity (TLC), task scale complexity (TSC), and task information complexity (TIC) based on the intrinsic structure and scale of tasks. Finally, the weighted Euclidean norm of these four factors determines the task complexity (TC) of each step. Taking the emergency operating procedures (EOP) for a small-break loss-of-coolant accident (SLOCA) in an NPP as an example, the entropy and <i>E</i> metrics are used to calculate the task complexity of each step, followed by experimental validation using NASA-TLX task load scores and step execution time for regression analysis. The results show that task complexity is significantly positively correlated with NASA-TLX subjective scores and task execution time, with the determination coefficients reaching 0.679 and 0.785, respectively. This indicates that the complexity metrics have high explanatory power, showing that the complexity quantification model is effective and has certain application value in improving human–computer interfaces and emergency procedures.
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spelling doaj-art-1453880d53ce4bd0953e2bf38df56e5e2025-08-20T02:21:01ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002025-06-0127660010.3390/e27060600Research on Task Complexity Measurements in Human—Computer Interaction in Nuclear Power Plant DCS Systems Based on Emergency Operating ProceduresEnsheng Pang0Licao Dai1School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, ChinaInstitute of Human Factors, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, ChinaWithin the scope of digital transformation in nuclear power plants (NPPs), task complexity in human–computer interaction (HCI) has become a critical factor affecting the safe and stable operation of NPPs. This study systematically reviews and analyzes existing complexity sources and assessment methods and suggests that complexity is primarily driven by core factors such as the quantity of, variety of, and relationships between elements. By innovatively introducing Halstead’s <i>E</i> measure, this study constructs a quantitative model of dynamic task execution complexity (TEC), addressing the limitations of traditional entropy-based metrics in analyzing interactive processes. By combining entropy metrics and the <i>E</i> measure, a task complexity quantification framework is established, encompassing both the task execution and intrinsic dimensions. Specifically, Halstead’s <i>E</i> measure focuses on analyzing operators and operands, defining interaction symbols between humans and interfaces to quantify task execution complexity (TEC). Entropy metrics, on the other hand, measure task logical complexity (TLC), task scale complexity (TSC), and task information complexity (TIC) based on the intrinsic structure and scale of tasks. Finally, the weighted Euclidean norm of these four factors determines the task complexity (TC) of each step. Taking the emergency operating procedures (EOP) for a small-break loss-of-coolant accident (SLOCA) in an NPP as an example, the entropy and <i>E</i> metrics are used to calculate the task complexity of each step, followed by experimental validation using NASA-TLX task load scores and step execution time for regression analysis. The results show that task complexity is significantly positively correlated with NASA-TLX subjective scores and task execution time, with the determination coefficients reaching 0.679 and 0.785, respectively. This indicates that the complexity metrics have high explanatory power, showing that the complexity quantification model is effective and has certain application value in improving human–computer interfaces and emergency procedures.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/6/600nuclear energynuclear power plantnuclear safetyhuman–computer interactiontask complexity
spellingShingle Ensheng Pang
Licao Dai
Research on Task Complexity Measurements in Human—Computer Interaction in Nuclear Power Plant DCS Systems Based on Emergency Operating Procedures
Entropy
nuclear energy
nuclear power plant
nuclear safety
human–computer interaction
task complexity
title Research on Task Complexity Measurements in Human—Computer Interaction in Nuclear Power Plant DCS Systems Based on Emergency Operating Procedures
title_full Research on Task Complexity Measurements in Human—Computer Interaction in Nuclear Power Plant DCS Systems Based on Emergency Operating Procedures
title_fullStr Research on Task Complexity Measurements in Human—Computer Interaction in Nuclear Power Plant DCS Systems Based on Emergency Operating Procedures
title_full_unstemmed Research on Task Complexity Measurements in Human—Computer Interaction in Nuclear Power Plant DCS Systems Based on Emergency Operating Procedures
title_short Research on Task Complexity Measurements in Human—Computer Interaction in Nuclear Power Plant DCS Systems Based on Emergency Operating Procedures
title_sort research on task complexity measurements in human computer interaction in nuclear power plant dcs systems based on emergency operating procedures
topic nuclear energy
nuclear power plant
nuclear safety
human–computer interaction
task complexity
url https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/6/600
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AT licaodai researchontaskcomplexitymeasurementsinhumancomputerinteractioninnuclearpowerplantdcssystemsbasedonemergencyoperatingprocedures