Multimode Fiber Specklegram Sensor for Multi-Position Loads Recognition Using Traversal Occlusion

Since an MMF-based distributed sensor requires the simultaneous measurement of multiple perturbation positions and their intensities, the collection of a large amount of specklegram data is time consuming and challenging for recognizing multiple perturbations. To address this issue, we propose a nov...

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Main Authors: Bohao Shen, Jianzhi Li, Zhe Ji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1737
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author Bohao Shen
Jianzhi Li
Zhe Ji
author_facet Bohao Shen
Jianzhi Li
Zhe Ji
author_sort Bohao Shen
collection DOAJ
description Since an MMF-based distributed sensor requires the simultaneous measurement of multiple perturbation positions and their intensities, the collection of a large amount of specklegram data is time consuming and challenging for recognizing multiple perturbations. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach to recognize multi-position load using an MMF specklegram sensor, supported by theoretical analysis and experimental verification. Our study introduces a construction method for a multi-variable, multi-class, one-shot specklegram dataset, significantly enhancing the sample diversity for more perturbation positions and intensities in an MMF-distributed sensor recognition model. We theoretically derive the mathematical model of total local intensity for each region and investigate its sensitivity to the external perturbations. Based on these theoretical analyses, this paper proposes a specklegram traversal occlusion data augmentation with a shallow convolutional neural network (CNN) model to mitigate overfitting in specklegram datasets. Experimental validation using a multi-position load-recognition MMF demonstrates that our approach achieves nearly 100% accuracy in simultaneously recognized load positions and its magnitudes across up to 1545 distinct load forms. Furthermore, the shallow CNN model exhibits superior training efficiency and stability compared with the existing MMF sensing models. This work provides a proof of concept of a distributed sensor based on an MMF specklegram sensor, highlighting its potential for high-resolution distributed measurements under the diverse external perturbations. Our method represents a significant advancement in this field, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution for distributed sensing applications.
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spelling doaj-art-144d5747bb7f4a97818a30a04b438b972025-08-20T01:48:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01256173710.3390/s25061737Multimode Fiber Specklegram Sensor for Multi-Position Loads Recognition Using Traversal OcclusionBohao Shen0Jianzhi Li1Zhe Ji2School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, ChinaKey Laboratory of Structural Health Monitoring and Control, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, ChinaSince an MMF-based distributed sensor requires the simultaneous measurement of multiple perturbation positions and their intensities, the collection of a large amount of specklegram data is time consuming and challenging for recognizing multiple perturbations. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach to recognize multi-position load using an MMF specklegram sensor, supported by theoretical analysis and experimental verification. Our study introduces a construction method for a multi-variable, multi-class, one-shot specklegram dataset, significantly enhancing the sample diversity for more perturbation positions and intensities in an MMF-distributed sensor recognition model. We theoretically derive the mathematical model of total local intensity for each region and investigate its sensitivity to the external perturbations. Based on these theoretical analyses, this paper proposes a specklegram traversal occlusion data augmentation with a shallow convolutional neural network (CNN) model to mitigate overfitting in specklegram datasets. Experimental validation using a multi-position load-recognition MMF demonstrates that our approach achieves nearly 100% accuracy in simultaneously recognized load positions and its magnitudes across up to 1545 distinct load forms. Furthermore, the shallow CNN model exhibits superior training efficiency and stability compared with the existing MMF sensing models. This work provides a proof of concept of a distributed sensor based on an MMF specklegram sensor, highlighting its potential for high-resolution distributed measurements under the diverse external perturbations. Our method represents a significant advancement in this field, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution for distributed sensing applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1737multimode fiber specklegrammultiple perturbationmulti-position loaddistributed sensortraversal occlusionshallow CNN
spellingShingle Bohao Shen
Jianzhi Li
Zhe Ji
Multimode Fiber Specklegram Sensor for Multi-Position Loads Recognition Using Traversal Occlusion
Sensors
multimode fiber specklegram
multiple perturbation
multi-position load
distributed sensor
traversal occlusion
shallow CNN
title Multimode Fiber Specklegram Sensor for Multi-Position Loads Recognition Using Traversal Occlusion
title_full Multimode Fiber Specklegram Sensor for Multi-Position Loads Recognition Using Traversal Occlusion
title_fullStr Multimode Fiber Specklegram Sensor for Multi-Position Loads Recognition Using Traversal Occlusion
title_full_unstemmed Multimode Fiber Specklegram Sensor for Multi-Position Loads Recognition Using Traversal Occlusion
title_short Multimode Fiber Specklegram Sensor for Multi-Position Loads Recognition Using Traversal Occlusion
title_sort multimode fiber specklegram sensor for multi position loads recognition using traversal occlusion
topic multimode fiber specklegram
multiple perturbation
multi-position load
distributed sensor
traversal occlusion
shallow CNN
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1737
work_keys_str_mv AT bohaoshen multimodefiberspecklegramsensorformultipositionloadsrecognitionusingtraversalocclusion
AT jianzhili multimodefiberspecklegramsensorformultipositionloadsrecognitionusingtraversalocclusion
AT zheji multimodefiberspecklegramsensorformultipositionloadsrecognitionusingtraversalocclusion