CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling

This paper investigates the effects of a Corotating Interaction Region (CIR)/High-Speed Stream (HSS)-driven geomagnetic storm from 13 to 23 October 2003, preceding the well-known Halloween storm. This moderate storm exhibited a prolonged recovery phase and persistent activity due to a High-Intensity...

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Main Authors: Samuel Abaidoo, Virginia Klausner, Claudia Maria Nicoli Candido, Valdir Gil Pillat, Stella Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy, Fabio Becker-Guedes, Josiely Aparecida do Espírito Santo Toledo, Laura Luiz Trigo
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Atmosphere
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/499
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author Samuel Abaidoo
Virginia Klausner
Claudia Maria Nicoli Candido
Valdir Gil Pillat
Stella Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy
Fabio Becker-Guedes
Josiely Aparecida do Espírito Santo Toledo
Laura Luiz Trigo
author_facet Samuel Abaidoo
Virginia Klausner
Claudia Maria Nicoli Candido
Valdir Gil Pillat
Stella Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy
Fabio Becker-Guedes
Josiely Aparecida do Espírito Santo Toledo
Laura Luiz Trigo
author_sort Samuel Abaidoo
collection DOAJ
description This paper investigates the effects of a Corotating Interaction Region (CIR)/High-Speed Stream (HSS)-driven geomagnetic storm from 13 to 23 October 2003, preceding the well-known Halloween storm. This moderate storm exhibited a prolonged recovery phase and persistent activity due to a High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) event. We focus on low-latitude ionospheric responses induced by Prompt Penetration Electric Fields (PPEFs) and Disturbance Dynamo Electric Fields (DDEFs). To assess these effects, we employed ground-based GNSS receivers, Digisonde data, and satellite observations from ACE, TIMED, and SOHO. An empirical model by Scherliess and Fejer (1999) was used to estimate equatorial plasma drifts and assess disturbed electric fields. Results show a ∼120 km uplift in hmF2 due to PPEF, expanding the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crest beyond 20° dip latitude. DDEF effects during HILDCAA induced sustained F-region oscillations (∼100 km). The storm also altered thermospheric composition, with [[O]/[N<sub>2</sub>] enhancements coinciding with TEC increases. Plasma irregularities, inferred from the Rate of TEC Index (ROTI 0.5–1 TECU/min), extended from equatorial to South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) latitudes. These results demonstrate prolonged ionospheric disturbances under CIR/HSS forcing and highlight the relevance of such events for understanding extended storm-time electrodynamics at low latitudes.
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spelling doaj-art-144b4c2d18594ea0ae9b4e5bac090b4a2025-08-20T03:14:39ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-04-0116549910.3390/atmos16050499CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and ModelingSamuel Abaidoo0Virginia Klausner1Claudia Maria Nicoli Candido2Valdir Gil Pillat3Stella Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy4Fabio Becker-Guedes5Josiely Aparecida do Espírito Santo Toledo6Laura Luiz Trigo7Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos 12244-390, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos 12244-390, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos 12244-390, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos 12244-390, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos 12227-010, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos 12227-010, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos 12244-390, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos 12244-390, BrazilThis paper investigates the effects of a Corotating Interaction Region (CIR)/High-Speed Stream (HSS)-driven geomagnetic storm from 13 to 23 October 2003, preceding the well-known Halloween storm. This moderate storm exhibited a prolonged recovery phase and persistent activity due to a High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) event. We focus on low-latitude ionospheric responses induced by Prompt Penetration Electric Fields (PPEFs) and Disturbance Dynamo Electric Fields (DDEFs). To assess these effects, we employed ground-based GNSS receivers, Digisonde data, and satellite observations from ACE, TIMED, and SOHO. An empirical model by Scherliess and Fejer (1999) was used to estimate equatorial plasma drifts and assess disturbed electric fields. Results show a ∼120 km uplift in hmF2 due to PPEF, expanding the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crest beyond 20° dip latitude. DDEF effects during HILDCAA induced sustained F-region oscillations (∼100 km). The storm also altered thermospheric composition, with [[O]/[N<sub>2</sub>] enhancements coinciding with TEC increases. Plasma irregularities, inferred from the Rate of TEC Index (ROTI 0.5–1 TECU/min), extended from equatorial to South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) latitudes. These results demonstrate prolonged ionospheric disturbances under CIR/HSS forcing and highlight the relevance of such events for understanding extended storm-time electrodynamics at low latitudes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/499CIR/HSS-driven geomagnetic stormHILDCAAionospheric parametersdescending phase of solar activityprompt penetration electric fieldsdisturbance dynamo
spellingShingle Samuel Abaidoo
Virginia Klausner
Claudia Maria Nicoli Candido
Valdir Gil Pillat
Stella Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy
Fabio Becker-Guedes
Josiely Aparecida do Espírito Santo Toledo
Laura Luiz Trigo
CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling
Atmosphere
CIR/HSS-driven geomagnetic storm
HILDCAA
ionospheric parameters
descending phase of solar activity
prompt penetration electric fields
disturbance dynamo
title CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling
title_full CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling
title_fullStr CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling
title_full_unstemmed CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling
title_short CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling
title_sort cir driven geomagnetic storm and high intensity long duration continuous ae activity hildcaa event effects on brazilian equatorial and low latitude ionosphere observations and modeling
topic CIR/HSS-driven geomagnetic storm
HILDCAA
ionospheric parameters
descending phase of solar activity
prompt penetration electric fields
disturbance dynamo
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/499
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