Seed shape and size of Silene latifolia, differences between sexes, and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with Silene dioica
IntroductionPlants undergo various natural changes that dramatically modify their genomes. One is polyploidization and the second is hybridization. Both are regarded as key factors in plant evolution and result in phenotypic differences in different plant organs. In Silene, we can find both examples...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| author | Marcel Hubinský Marcel Hubinský José Javier Martín-Gómez Emilio Cervantes Roman Hobza Jose Luis Rodríguez Lorenzo |
| author_facet | Marcel Hubinský Marcel Hubinský José Javier Martín-Gómez Emilio Cervantes Roman Hobza Jose Luis Rodríguez Lorenzo |
| author_sort | Marcel Hubinský |
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| description | IntroductionPlants undergo various natural changes that dramatically modify their genomes. One is polyploidization and the second is hybridization. Both are regarded as key factors in plant evolution and result in phenotypic differences in different plant organs. In Silene, we can find both examples in nature, and this genus has a seed shape diversity that has long been recognized as a valuable source of information for infrageneric classification.MethodsMorphometric analysis is a statistical study of shape and size and their covariations with other variables. Traditionally, seed shape description was limited to an approximate comparison with geometric figures (rounded, globular, reniform, or heart-shaped). Seed shape quantification has been based on direct measurements, such as area, perimeter, length, and width, narrowing statistical analysis. We used seed images and processed them to obtain silhouettes. We performed geometric morphometric analyses, such as similarity to geometric models and elliptic Fourier analysis, to study the hybrid offspring of S. latifolia and S. dioica.ResultsWe generated synthetic tetraploids of Silene latifolia and performed controlled crosses between diploid S. latifolia and Silene dioica to analyze seed morphology. After imaging capture and post-processing, statistical analysis revealed differences in seed size, but not in shape, between S. latifolia diploids and tetraploids, as well as some differences in shape among the parentals and hybrids. A detailed inspection using fluorescence microscopy allowed for the identification of shape differences in the cells of the seed coat. In the case of hybrids, differences were found in circularity and solidity. Overal seed shape is maternally regulated for both species, whereas cell shape cannot be associated with any of the sexes.DiscussionOur results provide additional tools useful for the combination of morphology with genetics, ecology or taxonomy. Seed shape is a robust indicator that can be used as a complementary tool for the genetic and phylogenetic analyses of Silene hybrid populations. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-1441ebad2b2640668676f22f4ec724cc2025-08-20T03:32:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2024-03-011510.3389/fpls.2024.12976761297676Seed shape and size of Silene latifolia, differences between sexes, and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with Silene dioicaMarcel Hubinský0Marcel Hubinský1José Javier Martín-Gómez2Emilio Cervantes3Roman Hobza4Jose Luis Rodríguez Lorenzo5Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, CzechiaNational Centre for Biomolecular Research (NCBR), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CzechiaInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA)-CSIC, Salamanca, SpainInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA)-CSIC, Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, CzechiaDepartment of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, CzechiaIntroductionPlants undergo various natural changes that dramatically modify their genomes. One is polyploidization and the second is hybridization. Both are regarded as key factors in plant evolution and result in phenotypic differences in different plant organs. In Silene, we can find both examples in nature, and this genus has a seed shape diversity that has long been recognized as a valuable source of information for infrageneric classification.MethodsMorphometric analysis is a statistical study of shape and size and their covariations with other variables. Traditionally, seed shape description was limited to an approximate comparison with geometric figures (rounded, globular, reniform, or heart-shaped). Seed shape quantification has been based on direct measurements, such as area, perimeter, length, and width, narrowing statistical analysis. We used seed images and processed them to obtain silhouettes. We performed geometric morphometric analyses, such as similarity to geometric models and elliptic Fourier analysis, to study the hybrid offspring of S. latifolia and S. dioica.ResultsWe generated synthetic tetraploids of Silene latifolia and performed controlled crosses between diploid S. latifolia and Silene dioica to analyze seed morphology. After imaging capture and post-processing, statistical analysis revealed differences in seed size, but not in shape, between S. latifolia diploids and tetraploids, as well as some differences in shape among the parentals and hybrids. A detailed inspection using fluorescence microscopy allowed for the identification of shape differences in the cells of the seed coat. In the case of hybrids, differences were found in circularity and solidity. Overal seed shape is maternally regulated for both species, whereas cell shape cannot be associated with any of the sexes.DiscussionOur results provide additional tools useful for the combination of morphology with genetics, ecology or taxonomy. Seed shape is a robust indicator that can be used as a complementary tool for the genetic and phylogenetic analyses of Silene hybrid populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1297676/fullSilene latifoliaSilene dioicaseed shapeMorphometrics geometricspolyploidyplant hybrid |
| spellingShingle | Marcel Hubinský Marcel Hubinský José Javier Martín-Gómez Emilio Cervantes Roman Hobza Jose Luis Rodríguez Lorenzo Seed shape and size of Silene latifolia, differences between sexes, and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with Silene dioica Frontiers in Plant Science Silene latifolia Silene dioica seed shape Morphometrics geometrics polyploidy plant hybrid |
| title | Seed shape and size of Silene latifolia, differences between sexes, and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with Silene dioica |
| title_full | Seed shape and size of Silene latifolia, differences between sexes, and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with Silene dioica |
| title_fullStr | Seed shape and size of Silene latifolia, differences between sexes, and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with Silene dioica |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seed shape and size of Silene latifolia, differences between sexes, and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with Silene dioica |
| title_short | Seed shape and size of Silene latifolia, differences between sexes, and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with Silene dioica |
| title_sort | seed shape and size of silene latifolia differences between sexes and influence of the parental genome in hybrids with silene dioica |
| topic | Silene latifolia Silene dioica seed shape Morphometrics geometrics polyploidy plant hybrid |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1297676/full |
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