PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug release
Abstract It is essential to adopt effective therapy strategies for periodontal diseases to achieve optimal results while avoiding adverse effects on the system. This study has developed various PEGylated chitosan-based biodegradable xerogels for localized release of doxycycline hyclate (DH) to treat...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05894-1 |
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| author | Farjad Zafar Muhammad Ali Sheraz Syed Abid Ali Maryam Riaz Sofia Ahmed Sadia Hafeez Kazi Safoora Tariq Zubair Anwar |
| author_facet | Farjad Zafar Muhammad Ali Sheraz Syed Abid Ali Maryam Riaz Sofia Ahmed Sadia Hafeez Kazi Safoora Tariq Zubair Anwar |
| author_sort | Farjad Zafar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract It is essential to adopt effective therapy strategies for periodontal diseases to achieve optimal results while avoiding adverse effects on the system. This study has developed various PEGylated chitosan-based biodegradable xerogels for localized release of doxycycline hyclate (DH) to treat periodontal infectious diseases. The xerogels were formulated using the solvent casting method, and the solvent (0.25 M HCl) was slowly evaporated at ambient conditions. Two different molecular weights were employed for chitosan and polyethylene glycol, and twelve combinations, including the placebos and controls, were prepared for the formulation of xerogels. Different physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared DH xerogels were studied, such as drying time and rate, thickness, moisture content, swelling index, organoleptic characteristics, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, drug release and kinetics, and antibacterial activity. The results revealed that the drug transforms from a crystalline to an amorphous state, thus rapidly releasing the drug (> 60% in 30 min. in all xerogels), followed by a sustained release up to 10 h. The release kinetics results revealed that the drug followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. It is concluded that the formulated DH-loaded xerogels showed promising results for use in the periodontal pockets to treat various infectious diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-143eb941dc1745a8ab550fae29f7490c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-143eb941dc1745a8ab550fae29f7490c2025-08-20T03:37:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-05894-1PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug releaseFarjad Zafar0Muhammad Ali Sheraz1Syed Abid Ali2Maryam Riaz3Sofia Ahmed4Sadia Hafeez Kazi5Safoora Tariq6Zubair Anwar7Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical UniversityBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical UniversityThird World Centre for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of KarachiBaqai Dental College, Baqai Medical UniversityBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical UniversityBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical UniversityBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical UniversityBaqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical UniversityAbstract It is essential to adopt effective therapy strategies for periodontal diseases to achieve optimal results while avoiding adverse effects on the system. This study has developed various PEGylated chitosan-based biodegradable xerogels for localized release of doxycycline hyclate (DH) to treat periodontal infectious diseases. The xerogels were formulated using the solvent casting method, and the solvent (0.25 M HCl) was slowly evaporated at ambient conditions. Two different molecular weights were employed for chitosan and polyethylene glycol, and twelve combinations, including the placebos and controls, were prepared for the formulation of xerogels. Different physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared DH xerogels were studied, such as drying time and rate, thickness, moisture content, swelling index, organoleptic characteristics, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, drug release and kinetics, and antibacterial activity. The results revealed that the drug transforms from a crystalline to an amorphous state, thus rapidly releasing the drug (> 60% in 30 min. in all xerogels), followed by a sustained release up to 10 h. The release kinetics results revealed that the drug followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. It is concluded that the formulated DH-loaded xerogels showed promising results for use in the periodontal pockets to treat various infectious diseases.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05894-1Doxycycline hyclateXerogelsChitosanPolyethylene glycolHydrochloric acid |
| spellingShingle | Farjad Zafar Muhammad Ali Sheraz Syed Abid Ali Maryam Riaz Sofia Ahmed Sadia Hafeez Kazi Safoora Tariq Zubair Anwar PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug release Scientific Reports Doxycycline hyclate Xerogels Chitosan Polyethylene glycol Hydrochloric acid |
| title | PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug release |
| title_full | PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug release |
| title_fullStr | PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug release |
| title_full_unstemmed | PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug release |
| title_short | PEGylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy: design, characterization, and drug release |
| title_sort | pegylated chitosan xerogels for localized periodontal therapy design characterization and drug release |
| topic | Doxycycline hyclate Xerogels Chitosan Polyethylene glycol Hydrochloric acid |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05894-1 |
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