Mutual suppression between mutations in the Dictyostelium Greenbeard pathway restores wild-type development

Abstract Background The Dictyostelium greenbeard pathway is mediated by two polymorphic transmembrane proteins, the TgrC1 ligand and the TgrB1 receptor. These proteins mediate allorecognition, altruism, and the developmental transition to multicellularity. A genetic suppressor screen revealed activa...

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Main Authors: Mariko Katoh-Kurasawa, Lena Trnovec, Peter Lehmann, Blaž Zupan, Gad Shaulsky
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Genomics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11745-0
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author Mariko Katoh-Kurasawa
Lena Trnovec
Peter Lehmann
Blaž Zupan
Gad Shaulsky
author_facet Mariko Katoh-Kurasawa
Lena Trnovec
Peter Lehmann
Blaž Zupan
Gad Shaulsky
author_sort Mariko Katoh-Kurasawa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The Dictyostelium greenbeard pathway is mediated by two polymorphic transmembrane proteins, the TgrC1 ligand and the TgrB1 receptor. These proteins mediate allorecognition, altruism, and the developmental transition to multicellularity. A genetic suppressor screen revealed activating mutations in tgrB1 and inactivating mutations in rapgapB, a regulator of the GTPase protein RapA. Inactivation of either tgrB1, tgrC1, or rapgapB leads to developmental defects, but the respective double-mutant strains rapgapB – tgrB1 – and rapgapB – tgrC1 – develop well and produce spores. This mutual suppression could result from inducing an alternative pathway or from restoring wild-type development, but morphological analyses alone could not resolve this question. Results Here, we show that the mutual suppression between rapgapB – and tgrB1 – restores wild-type development. We also analyzed an activated tgrB1 allele in the wild-type background and found evidence for interactions between the wild-type and the activated alleles. Using RNA-sequencing analyses, we compared the transcriptomes of the wild type to those of several mutant strains and found that the single-gene mutations attenuated transcriptome progression over developmental time, whereas the double-gene mutation strain rapgapB – tgrB1 – and the activated tgrB1 mutation exhibited near wild-type transcriptomes. Our findings suggest that tgrB1, tgrC1, and rapgapB are involved in a pathway in which rapgapB negatively regulates tgrB1 and tgrC1 expression, whereas tgrB1 and tgrC1 positively regulate rapgapB expression. Conclusions These findings suggest that the Dictyostelium greenbeard pathway interfaces with the central RapGAPB-RapA regulatory pathway, providing molecular insight into a mutual suppression mechanism in which two deleterious mutations restore wild-type behavior.
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spelling doaj-art-1413221a046d4dc5a6dc3cc3e8fa324b2025-08-20T02:31:03ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-06-0126111310.1186/s12864-025-11745-0Mutual suppression between mutations in the Dictyostelium Greenbeard pathway restores wild-type developmentMariko Katoh-Kurasawa0Lena Trnovec1Peter Lehmann2Blaž Zupan3Gad Shaulsky4Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineFaculty of Computer and Information Science, University of LjubljanaDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineDepartment of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineAbstract Background The Dictyostelium greenbeard pathway is mediated by two polymorphic transmembrane proteins, the TgrC1 ligand and the TgrB1 receptor. These proteins mediate allorecognition, altruism, and the developmental transition to multicellularity. A genetic suppressor screen revealed activating mutations in tgrB1 and inactivating mutations in rapgapB, a regulator of the GTPase protein RapA. Inactivation of either tgrB1, tgrC1, or rapgapB leads to developmental defects, but the respective double-mutant strains rapgapB – tgrB1 – and rapgapB – tgrC1 – develop well and produce spores. This mutual suppression could result from inducing an alternative pathway or from restoring wild-type development, but morphological analyses alone could not resolve this question. Results Here, we show that the mutual suppression between rapgapB – and tgrB1 – restores wild-type development. We also analyzed an activated tgrB1 allele in the wild-type background and found evidence for interactions between the wild-type and the activated alleles. Using RNA-sequencing analyses, we compared the transcriptomes of the wild type to those of several mutant strains and found that the single-gene mutations attenuated transcriptome progression over developmental time, whereas the double-gene mutation strain rapgapB – tgrB1 – and the activated tgrB1 mutation exhibited near wild-type transcriptomes. Our findings suggest that tgrB1, tgrC1, and rapgapB are involved in a pathway in which rapgapB negatively regulates tgrB1 and tgrC1 expression, whereas tgrB1 and tgrC1 positively regulate rapgapB expression. Conclusions These findings suggest that the Dictyostelium greenbeard pathway interfaces with the central RapGAPB-RapA regulatory pathway, providing molecular insight into a mutual suppression mechanism in which two deleterious mutations restore wild-type behavior.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11745-0Mutual suppressionGreenbeard pathwayDictyostelium allorecognitionDictyostelium developmentTranscriptome phenotyping
spellingShingle Mariko Katoh-Kurasawa
Lena Trnovec
Peter Lehmann
Blaž Zupan
Gad Shaulsky
Mutual suppression between mutations in the Dictyostelium Greenbeard pathway restores wild-type development
BMC Genomics
Mutual suppression
Greenbeard pathway
Dictyostelium allorecognition
Dictyostelium development
Transcriptome phenotyping
title Mutual suppression between mutations in the Dictyostelium Greenbeard pathway restores wild-type development
title_full Mutual suppression between mutations in the Dictyostelium Greenbeard pathway restores wild-type development
title_fullStr Mutual suppression between mutations in the Dictyostelium Greenbeard pathway restores wild-type development
title_full_unstemmed Mutual suppression between mutations in the Dictyostelium Greenbeard pathway restores wild-type development
title_short Mutual suppression between mutations in the Dictyostelium Greenbeard pathway restores wild-type development
title_sort mutual suppression between mutations in the dictyostelium greenbeard pathway restores wild type development
topic Mutual suppression
Greenbeard pathway
Dictyostelium allorecognition
Dictyostelium development
Transcriptome phenotyping
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11745-0
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AT blazzupan mutualsuppressionbetweenmutationsinthedictyosteliumgreenbeardpathwayrestoreswildtypedevelopment
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