Gaming disorder and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents: the mediating role of sleep hygiene
Abstract Background Evidence on psychological outcomes of gaming disorder (GD) is still scarce. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep hygiene in the relationship between GD and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) among Iranian adolescents. Methods This was a cross-s...
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BMC
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22040-8 |
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| author | Leila Molaeipour Reza Jabarbeigi Tina Lari Mehdi Osooli Elahe Jafari |
| author_facet | Leila Molaeipour Reza Jabarbeigi Tina Lari Mehdi Osooli Elahe Jafari |
| author_sort | Leila Molaeipour |
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| description | Abstract Background Evidence on psychological outcomes of gaming disorder (GD) is still scarce. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep hygiene in the relationship between GD and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) among Iranian adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among school students in Qazvin city, Iran. We administered GD, anxiety, and depression questionnaires in a paper-and-pencil format. GD was measured using the GD S4-SF scale, and anxiety and depression were evaluated using the DASS-21. We assessed sleep health as a mediator using the Sleep Hygiene Behaviors scale. Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) was employed for data analysis, accounting for sex and physical activity as the main confounders. Statistical significance was determined using various fit indices and confidence intervals. Results The sample consisted of 600 adolescents (41% female). CB-SEM revealed a positive but not statistically significant association between GD and depression, along with a negative statistically significant association with anxiety. Notably, sleep hygiene was identified as a partial mediator in the relationship between GD and depression, indicating that poor sleep practices may exacerbate depressive symptoms among adolescents with GD. However, no mediating effect was observed for anxiety. Conclusion Our data supported a mediating role for sleep hygiene in the association between GD and depression among participants. Our results highlight the critical need for targeted policy interventions to improve sleep hygiene among adolescents with GD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-13ff10262a5b4892a115b5d4cf8bcaf4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| spelling | doaj-art-13ff10262a5b4892a115b5d4cf8bcaf42025-08-20T01:57:40ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-03-012511810.1186/s12889-025-22040-8Gaming disorder and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents: the mediating role of sleep hygieneLeila Molaeipour0Reza Jabarbeigi1Tina Lari2Mehdi Osooli3Elahe Jafari4Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical SciencesNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical SciencesDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska InstitutetNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Evidence on psychological outcomes of gaming disorder (GD) is still scarce. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep hygiene in the relationship between GD and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) among Iranian adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among school students in Qazvin city, Iran. We administered GD, anxiety, and depression questionnaires in a paper-and-pencil format. GD was measured using the GD S4-SF scale, and anxiety and depression were evaluated using the DASS-21. We assessed sleep health as a mediator using the Sleep Hygiene Behaviors scale. Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) was employed for data analysis, accounting for sex and physical activity as the main confounders. Statistical significance was determined using various fit indices and confidence intervals. Results The sample consisted of 600 adolescents (41% female). CB-SEM revealed a positive but not statistically significant association between GD and depression, along with a negative statistically significant association with anxiety. Notably, sleep hygiene was identified as a partial mediator in the relationship between GD and depression, indicating that poor sleep practices may exacerbate depressive symptoms among adolescents with GD. However, no mediating effect was observed for anxiety. Conclusion Our data supported a mediating role for sleep hygiene in the association between GD and depression among participants. Our results highlight the critical need for targeted policy interventions to improve sleep hygiene among adolescents with GD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22040-8Sleep hygieneDepressionAnxietyAdolescenceGaming disorder |
| spellingShingle | Leila Molaeipour Reza Jabarbeigi Tina Lari Mehdi Osooli Elahe Jafari Gaming disorder and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents: the mediating role of sleep hygiene BMC Public Health Sleep hygiene Depression Anxiety Adolescence Gaming disorder |
| title | Gaming disorder and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents: the mediating role of sleep hygiene |
| title_full | Gaming disorder and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents: the mediating role of sleep hygiene |
| title_fullStr | Gaming disorder and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents: the mediating role of sleep hygiene |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gaming disorder and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents: the mediating role of sleep hygiene |
| title_short | Gaming disorder and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents: the mediating role of sleep hygiene |
| title_sort | gaming disorder and psychological distress among iranian adolescents the mediating role of sleep hygiene |
| topic | Sleep hygiene Depression Anxiety Adolescence Gaming disorder |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22040-8 |
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